Plaza the logistics of Zaragoza Essay

The vulnerability sought after is reflected in the reorder point and security stock. The more the changeability popular the higher will be the reorder point and the security stock. A higher deviation sought after would legitimately influence the wellbeing stock levels required at the stockrooms and henceforth increment the stock conveying costs. This expansion would then influence the general expenses. Utilizing our exceed expectations model, If we increment the standard deviation of yearly interest from 10,000 to 32,000, the general expenses for Rotterdam become higher than those of Zaragoza. Thus, differing the administration life affects the all out expense as it controls the security stock which thusly controls the stock holding cost. Subsequently, as the administration life increments to a higher worth the expense of choice 2 (Zaragoza) will be lesser than alternative 1. Cost of the item As the expense of the item builds the stock holding cost increments expanding the all out expense. So Zaragoza as has a superior cost advantage over Rotterdam alternative. In our exceed expectations model, stopping an item cost of 295 Euros (E 47 and F 47 cells), keeping every other boundary unaltered makes Zaragoza a superior cost alternative. So it is a factor to be thought of. Suggestions In light of our above investigation, we prescribe the accompanying to the CEO of Zaragoza Logistics Park (Who should they attempt to sell their thought/choice) Zaragoza should target clients with high number of units/TEU They should target clients with high item costs They should target clients whose request vulnerability is high They should target clients with high yearly interest rates They should target clients who have inclination for high help rates Plaza is additionally an instructive place for coordinations while Rotterdam is an only a coordinations park. Zaragoza should attempt to teach the client about the gracefully chain advantages of partner with a world class coordinations research focus Plaza is an administration supported firm †they should utilize this factor to ingrain more trust in the client over a private firm like Rotterdam choice

Military National and International Security Studies Essay

Military National and International Security Studies - Essay Example It is expressed by the analyst that today the interests of the security powers are fixated on accomplishment of security, harmony and thriving among all the residents of the country and different countries with a comparative concentration to that of the U.S.A. The national security of the United States of America has been reformed through the proclamation of a security methodology record entitled, â€Å"National military technique of the assembled countries (2011).† This was propelled by the administrator of the joint safety crew and supported by the president and the clergyman of state for resistance. To prevail in its strategic, joint security powers were quick to overemphasize on the significance of coordinating its security dreams with those of different components of intensity in the state. The upset American security procedure, that was a primary focal point of the conversation of the paper perceives the use of principled administration in the military intercession syste m with just a little remittance left for the utilization of power and intimidation when tact comes up short. The scientist mentiones that the accomplishment of this specific procedure necessitates that the security powers of the state are incorporated well with the Americas’ power structure to encourage its viability. All in all, the specialist aggregates uo his investigation on the point and expresses that American security organizations underscore on the utilization of a progressively modest demeanor concerning different states connections. Strategy is underscored more and delicate force, for example, remote guide and less utilization of intimidation and power.

Bloomington

Bloomington Bloomington. 1 City (1990 pop. 51,972), seat of McLean co., central Ill.; inc. 1839. The economy is based on farming; electrical equipment is also manufactured. In 1856 the state Republican party was organized in Bloomington, at which time Lincoln delivered his famous lost speech (no copy of it is known to exist). The city is the seat of Illinois Wesleyan Univ.; Illinois State Univ. is in adjacent Normal (formerly North Bloomington). Of interest are the burial place of Adlai E. Stevenson and the David Davis mansion, a state historic shrine. 2 City (1990 pop. 60,633), seat of Monroe co., S central Ind., in a forested region; settled 1816, inc. 1878. Electrical and electronic equipment, furniture, and elevators are manufactured. Quarrying and marketing of the limestone abundant in the area has sustained the city's economy for many years. Bloomington is the seat of Indiana Univ., and its growth is closely related to the development of that institution. In the area are Hoosi er National Forest and lakes Monroe (Indiana's largest) and Lemon. 3 City (1990 pop. 86,335), Hennepin co., SE Minn., a suburb adjacent to Minneapolis; inc. 1953. The city has diversified manufactures and is the site of the Mall of America, one of the world's largest. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Shakesperes Hamlet and Humanism Essay - 885 Words

Hamlet and Humanism William Shakespeare, Hamlet, demonstrates human nature to be gluttonous, self-involved and merciless. Claudius is determined by his greed to commit murder. Polonius is always watching out for himself, without a care of the expense of anyone that gets in his way. Hamlet ponders only of retaliation from the second he finds out about Claudius murdered his father. Human nature has been several things throughout time, but it has also changed throughout the years. People can be immoral and cruel, but they can also show great empathy and kindness. Renaissance humanism scholars recognize that â€Å"Hamlet contains a vital critique of humanism† (Renaissance) throughout the play. The author, William Shakespeare, was from a period of†¦show more content†¦Polonius also acquires his daughter to stop courting Hamlet by ordering her to instead of allowing her to decide for herself. He is looking out for his daughter. The King and Queen were very troubled at Hamlet’s superficial insanity. They tell Rosencrantz and Guildenstern that discovery of what is hypocritical with Hamlet would be â€Å"the supply and profit of our hope â€Å"(Hamlet 2.2.24). They are noticeably embittered at his behavior, and Polonius knows this, and tries to use his daughter to demonstrate his notion. When Ophelia approached and pronounced to him her get-together with Hamlet in Act I, Polonius instantaneously brought her to the King. Polonius, performing on his duty to â€Å"both God and to gracious king† (Hamlet 2.2.45) took Ophe lia to Claudius to understand if he could be any assistance in demanding to find out what is iniquitous with Hamlet. He rapidly tells the King that he will â€Å"loose my daughter to himâ€Å"(Hamlet 2.2.161) and fabricates a premeditated plan to do so. This plan, and Polonius’ role of Ophelia, is all to gratify the Royal Court, and has no space in it for Ophelia’s feelings. Polonius treats his daughter practically like one would use a mare, with his loos of her and organizes it so just to try and get on the respectable side of Claudius and Gertrude. Polonius signifies the characteristic of human nature that is self-concern. He is continually

The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Orthodonticss tooth motion is achieved by presenting a changeless controlled force to the dentition. The continuance of the force applied is the cardinal factor for successful tooth motion instead than the force magnitude. The purpose of the orthodontias intervention is to accomplish good occlusion with minimum side effects. We will write a custom essay sample on The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several factors should be considered during the orthodontic intervention such as force type, force magnitude and the continuance of intervention to avoid the unwanted consequence. Proffit have defined the orthodontic tooth motion as a biological response due to the alterations in the physiological equilibrium of the dentofacial composite when an external force is applied. Theories of orthodontic tooth motion Dentitions are positioned in harmoniousness with the unwritten environment to keep their place. The applied forces will do histological alterations during teeth motion. These forces will do bone reabsorption on the force per unit area side and deposition on the tenseness side, most significantly that the capillaries remain patent on the tight side to let cell proliferation and avoid the formation of hyalinized zone On the other manus bone formation will happen at the tenseness side due to the increased periodontic ligament breadth and the proliferating fibroblast and osteoprogenitor cells. Osteoblast will be formed from the proliferated osteoprogenitor and will deposite osteoid and consequence in bone formation. ( systematic reappraisal ) Several theories have been proposed to explicate orthodontias tooth motion. The chief theories are: Biomechanical theory The biomechanical theory is chiefly based on experiments and cellular response observation explicating the biological events during orthodontic tooth motion. The earliest grounds back uping the function of Prostaglandin in orthodontic tooth motion was provided by Hang ( Hang et al 1976 ) . He noticed that mechanical deformation of the cell membrane in a civilization dish will increase the synthesis of Prostaglandin. Later Harrel supported these determination in his in vitro. Harrel showed that mechanical deformation will bring forth Prostaglandin and cyclin adenosine monophosphate ( hundred AMP ) .HARREL 1977 Other research workers ( rodan et al 1975, davidaritch and shanfield 1975 ) have found that mechanical deformation will do alterations in the intracellular bases alterations. The biomechanical theory was based on these determination and proposed that mechanical strain of the cell membrane will trip the cell signaling cascade. Initially phospholipase A2 will be activated which will originate the metamorphosis of arachidonic acid. The leukotrienes and the Prostaglandins will be synthesized in response to the metamorphosis of Arachidonic acid. The synthesis of Prostaglandin will increase three clip after five proceedingss. The Prostaglandin so activates the G proteins receptors on the cell membrane which will originate a 2nd courier signaling cascade doing a cellular response taking to cram remodeling. Yamasaki provided farther grounds to back up this theory by planing a three stage split mouth study to look into the consequence of administering Prostaglandin on orthodontic tooth motion. One side was injected with Prostaglandin and the contra sidelong served as the control. Phase one involved the motion of the upper first premolar buccaly. The rate of tooth motion was doubled on the injected side when compared to the control side. Phase two involved abjuration of the eyetooth into the upper first premolar infinite utilizing sectional contraction cringles. The findings were similar to phase one. The 3rd stage involved the abjuration of the eyetooth with the everyday mechanics. The rate of motion was 1.6 faster on the injected side than the control side. No inauspicious effects were recorded in the gum or the alveolar bone. Yamasaki et Al 1984 piezoelectric theory This theory proposes that the force per unit area applied to the tooth will be transferred to the next dental consonant bone which will react by flexing and doing little electrical current produced by negatrons being transferred from distorted crystal construction to another. The electrical current will trip the osteoclast and bone-forming cell and consequence in bone remodeling required for tooth motion ( mcdonald 1993 ) This theory was supported by Baumrind ‘s split oral cavity survey on rats. Baumrind showed that the tooth Crown will displace 10 times more than the decrease of the periodontic ligaments on the force per unit area side. The difference in the sum of supplanting between the Crown and periodontic ligament has lead to the premise that the alveolar bone deflects more readily than the periodontic ligament. Sing the sum of crown warp and the periodontic ligament alterations, it can be concluded that lower forces can be used to bring forth bone warp which will make alterations in the periodontic ligaments. ( baumrind 1969 ) Several surveies on animate beings and human look intoing an endogenous electric signals, bioelectric potency, showed that the application of low electromotive force direct current will modify the bioelectric potency and cellular activity doing faster tooth motion when compared to a control group. ( giovanelli s A ; acirc ; ˆÂ ¦.ref 9 p324 ) Davidovich showed that by using electrical current ( 15 A ; Acirc ;  µ As ) combined with force of 80 g will heighten bone resoprtion near the anode and bone deposition near the cathode when compared to the control. ( Davidovich et al 1980 ) Heller and Nanda demonstrated that periodontic ligaments are less likely to undergo tensile strain or reassign the force straight to the alveolar bone. ( Heller and Nanda 1979 ) Piezoelectric signals characterize by a fast decay rate even if the force is maintained as the crystals will stay stable. If the force was removed the crystal will return to the original form and an tantamount signal and antonym in way will be created. The function of emphasis generated signals during normal chew is good documented in the literature in keeping the alveolar bone. On the other manus, the changeless orthodontic forces will make a brief signal which will non make a outstanding emphasis generated signals. These signals have small if anything to make with tooth movment.Profit text book Pressure tenseness hypothesis Authoritative hypothesis proposed by Oppenheim, Sandstedt and Schwarz based on histological research. This theory proposes that tooth motion will happen in the periodontic ligaments and the collagen fibres will make a force per unit area and tenseness sides reassigning the applied forces to the next alveolar bone. The forces should be less than the capillary blood force per unit area to keep the blood flow and avoid bone mortification. On the force per unit area side, the periodontic ligament will expose disorganisation and the cell reproduction will diminish in response to the vascular bottleneck. On the tenseness side the periodontic ligament will be stretched and increase the cell reproduction. Baurmrind 1969 study showed statistically important addition in cell reproduction during tooth motion and there was a decrease in collagen formation rate on the tenseness and force per unit area side. Heller and Nanda ( 1979 ) interfered with the collagen map and metamorphosis by administering lathyritic agent beta aminoproprionitrile and showed that normal tooth motion will happen in periodontic ligaments with disrupted collagen fibres. Their findings demonstrated that periodontic ligaments are less likely to undergo tensile strain or reassign the force straight to the alveolar bone. Bone bending Orthodontic tooth motion stages Once the orthodontic force is applies to the tooth the bone reconstructing procedure will get down. During the first six to eight yearss at that place will be an initial period of rapid motion due to the periodontic ligaments compaction and tooth supplanting within the periodontic ligament. The blood supply will be reduced or cut off bring forthing hyalinized zone ; a vascular cell free zone. In the 2nd stage ; the slowdown stage ; tooth motion will be minimum or will halt wholly due to the hyalinized zone. On the histological degree Retain ( 1957, 1960 ) have reported that the a vascular cell free zone will be formed even with minimum force and the a vascular cell free zone will happen more with short roots. The slowdown in tooth motion varies between four to twenty yearss harmonizing to the applied force ; with light forces the slowdown stage will be comparatively short and it will increase with heavier forces. The periodontic ligaments will reorganise to take the hyalinized zone by phagocytosis ; foreign organic structure gaint cells, macrophages, fibroblast and pre-osteoclasts will be recruited from the neighbouring undamaged alveolar bone marrow pits and the periodontic ligaments. Once the avascular cell free zone is removed tooth motion will get down once more ; the last stage. Tooth motion normally begins 40 yearss after the initial force application. Recent survey by Von Bohl demonstrated that the hyalinized zone will be formed during the last stage and it is more frequent with high forces and have no consequence on orthodontic tooth motion at this phase as the bone reconstructing procedure will go on at a certain rate independently from the force magnitude. Von Bohl concluded that the formation of a vascular cell free zone is apart of the orthodontic tooth motion procedure. His study supported the pervious determination of Owman moll et Al 1996 and Vas leeuwen 1999 Orthodontic force magnitude Orthodontic forces can delivered through the usage of fixed contraptions, removable contraptions, TAD, excess orally such as caput gear amp ; acirc ; ˆÂ ¦etc.to achieve the coveted tooth motion different force magnitude will be required. The recommended forces are: bodily motion tipping invasion bulge How to cite The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Auditing Auditors Independence

Question: Discuss about theAuditingfor Auditors Independence. Answer: Introduction Auditor independence is a key concept used to portray the image of auditors as viewed by users of the financial statement. Users of financial statements rely on the opinion given by the independent auditor to make economic decisions pertaining to an entity . Therefore, this is a concept which can make or break the auditing profession depending on the extent to which it is safeguarded by the practising auditors.Auditors independence has been a matter of interest in business world in recent times due to occurrence of financial crisis,corporate frauds and business failures (Nasution, 2013) Over the years , auditors independence have been questioned at different capacities by different stakeholders as result economic damages they have experienced.This is evidenced by the fact that many auditors /audit firms have been mentioned as parties to the scandals reported in the past. For example, Earnest Young were incorporated into the case pertaining the collapse of Lehman Brothers during the 2008-2009 financial crises . Auditors were mentioned as part of the scheme used by the bank to hide the bad debt loans which were not reported prior to the collapse of the company(Nigash, 2011) As a result of the problem identified pertaining auditors independence, this essay will discuss the Toshiba Accounting fraud case .The objective will be to determine whether the auditors involved were independent in both mind and appearance or if there existed any form of threat to their independence.The structure of the essay will involve a description of the specifics of Toshiba accounting fraud case.This will be followed by a discussion of auditors independence in the context of the case ,followed by identification of threats which can compromise independence of auditors involved and finally, a conclusion on whether the auditors were independent or not (Blann, 2012) Toshiba was incorporated in Tokyo Japan in the year 1938 . It operates in the information technology industry with a rich portfolio of products which includes computers, fridges, communication devices, systems , household equipment among others. It is among the market leaders is computer sales sector and was ranked the fifth position in 2010 in the sector. In early 2015, the market regulator in Japan realised the accounting scandal in Toshiba. For a period range of seven years, it was discovered that Toshiba had overstated their profits by approximately $1.2 billion(Gandhi, 2015) This scam was a result of dubious accounting methods employed by the company in preparing their accounts. It involved failing to recognise losses of projects, overstating their profits margins in computer supplies, overvaluation of stocks and failure to accrue expenses accordingly. This was necessitated by the high targets set for the staff and also the Japanese social culture of performance which made the managers manipulate accounts to reflect continuity in growth and meeting targets. (Toshiba, 2015) The external auditors of Toshiba at the time the scam was detected was Earnest Young. From the report of investigations into the scandal, the management had formulated complex systems to hide the accounting malpractices used hence making it hard for external auditors to detect . Therefore, the auditor's opinion was misguided by the management scheme of inappropriate accounting policies of Toshiba in assuring the user of reliability and objectivity of the financial statements. The report of the accounting scandal did not question the independence of Earnest Young in carrying out their work. This is because it was not in scope of the report This necessitates a thorough investigation of EY independence in this case(Toshiba, 2015) According to (Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, 2015) ,an auditor's independence is the extent of which the auditor will give his opinion on the financial statements without any interference .EY should be seen to be independent in both aspects of mind and appearance. Independence of mind will be identified in EY if it takes the assignment with the right mental attitude of giving an objective opinion based on the information given and carrying the necessary substantive tests to establish the integrity of the accounts . In practice, this is hard to identify. Independence of appearance occurs when the auditor conduct as observed by the public does not indicate any form of compromise . Practically, this can be identified by the auditor(Blann, 2012). The objective way to determine whether the EY was independent in their work is to look for evidence of threats which could have compromised their independence. (Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, 2015),(Curtis E. Clements, 2012) and (Christopher Akpotu, 2013) in their studies agree that threats in reality exist which could compromise on auditors independence if not managed appropriately. They all identify threats such as conflict of interest,self-review,intimidation, familiarity , advocacy among others as identifiable threats to the independence of auditors .Conflict of interest occurs when the auditor has some personal interest in the company he is auditing . For example , the auditor may own shares in the company he is auditing . Intimidation threats occur when some powerful managers in client companies fail to co-operate during the audit process. Advocacy threats occur when the auditor is still representing the client in other matters like acting as the client's portfolio manager . In addition , (Nasution, 2013) identified social factors as a real threat to auditors independence. Social factors determine how subordinates follow directions given by the persons in authority . Social pressures which affect the independence of auditors can be classified into obedient pressures and conformity pressures . Obedient pressures are the ones associated with strictly following orders of the senior persons without necessarily doing what is right. In such cases, auditors will be influenced by their powerful clients during the audit and they will be required to be obedient to such seniors hence compromising their independence. Likewise, conformity pressures relate to making decisions based on the expectation of the client when auditing. This should also be investigated in EY to see if there was independence (Nasution, 2013) (Times, 2016)EY Japan was seen to lack independence of mind. This is because seven accountants from EY who were involved in the audit of Toshiba were reprimanded by FSA on the grounds of not carrying out due diligence during their audit assignment. A case was given by FSA of one accountant in the auditing team who identified some questionable figures in the computer vendor business but failed to share the information with the audit team. This is a clear indication of lack of mindset on the overall objective of the entire audit process. Independence by appearance was also under threat because EY had been auditing Toshiba for more than a decade before the scandal was realised(Times, 2016). This brought about familiarity threat as the EY long stay as Toshiba auditor (Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, 2015).(Waldron, 2015) the fact that EY could not identify the material misstatement of $1.2billion in a period of 8 years raises eyebrows and shows presence of self-interest threats. Toshiba by its value is an important customer to EY which brings substantial revenues to the company , therefore, they failed to disclose the material misstatement to safeguard their major source of revenues (Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, 2015) According to (Toshiba, 2015), there was an evidence of social factor threats. In japan, there is a culture for subordinates to fully obey orders from their seniors. EY auditors were subjected to this hierarchical pressure and conformity pressures from Toshiba CEO and other senior management persons hence ended up not identifying and questioning the inappropriate accounting application which is a matter of concern. Also,(Times, 2016) case of an accountant who realised the inappropriate accounting but ended up not reporting to his colleagues is a clear evidence of conformity pressure. Therefore, the analysis of EY independence shows that there were numerous threats to independence on EY which lead to the accounting scandal in Toshiba in 2015. The key identified threats according to Toshiba case included Social factor threats, familiarity threats and self-interest threats . These findings confirm to the hypothesis that, lack of auditors independence is a key contributor to the accounting scandals as evidenced in studies by (Friday E. Akpan, 2014),(Mentha, 2014) and (Bello, 2011). They all agree that lack of auditors independence of mind and appearance contributes to economic losses witnessed by users of financial statements. (Su, 2015) shows how the failure of companies due to lack of auditors independence have negatively affected the auditing firms themselves. Auditors who gave an unqualified opinion on company financial statement which subsequently ceases to be a going concern or a scandal is realised thereafter, suffer negatively due to penalties imposed on them and negative public image.This is because the auditor independence is seen to be under threat which is a key violation of the profession norm. In addition,lack of auditors independence adversely affects the users of financial statements who rely on them to make economic decisions. This is evidenced in the case of Toshiba and EY whereby, the audit firm was fined to a tune of $59.8 million and a suspension of three months and investors lost 12% of the investment one day after the announcement of scam (Times, 2016) There is a need to reinforce auditors independence issue due to significant losses which have been witnessed in the past . It is evident that it affects negatively both the users and the auditors themselves. Some of the key factors which have identified to enforce auditors independence include one, professional commitment whereby practising auditors are supposed to make judgements based on the profession set norms and ethical judgements . Two ,auditors should have a locus of control which entails taking full responsibility for their actions. Three,awareness to auditors independence which will affect how auditors will make judgement and finally perceived stress levels (Nasution, 2013) References Bello, A., 2011. Corporate Failure : Accounting and Auditing Resolution. Researchgate, pp. 1-18. Blann, S. W., 2012. Auditor Independence :In the Public Sector, Revisited. Governance Finance Review, pp. 37-42. Christopher Akpotu, O. I., 2013. External Auditors Unethical Behaviour and Corporate Business failure in Public owned organisations in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and management Invention, II(4), pp. 12-18. Curtis E. Clements, J. D. N. S. S., 2012. Inherent Conflicts Of Interest In the Accounting Profession. The Journal of Applied Business research, 28(2), pp. 1-8. Farrell, S., 2015. The Guardian. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/21/the-worlds-biggest-accounting-scandals-toshiba-enron-olympus [Accessed 11 October 2016]. Friday E. Akpan, A. F., 2014. Corporate Failures and the dilemma of auditors. Global advanced Research Journal of management and Business studies, III(6), pp. 242-248. Gandhi, K., 2015. Emerging issues Toshiba accounting Scandal, s.l.: IESBA CAG . Mentha, K., 2014. Audit Negligence. Forensic Matters, IV(6), pp. 1-9. Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, M. A., 2015. The effects of the threats to the Auditor's Independence. International Business Research, VIII(8), pp. 1-9. Nasution, D., 2013. Essay on Auditors Independence. School Of Business Economics Abo Akademi University, pp. 1-32. Nigash, M., 2011. Rethinking accountability and corporate reporting in South Africa. [Online] Available at: hsf.org.za/resource-centre/focus/focus-60-january-2011-making... [Accessed 11 October 2016]. Opijnen, M. V., 2015. When Audit firms are their Clients : Business Relationships and Auditor independence. Maastricht University , pp. 1-60. Su, L., 2015. Do Auditors bear the consequences of Corporate Failure? The case of Failed New Zealand Finance Companies. ResearchGate, 10292(9112), pp. 1-46. Times, F., 2016. EY's Japanese unit reprimanded by the regulator over Toshiba audits. [Online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/e6357710-a89a-11e5-955c-1e1d6de94879 [Accessed 11 October 2016]. Toshiba, 2015. Independent Investigation Report, Tokyo: Toshiba Corporation. Waldron, M., 2015. Toshiba Accounting Scandal: Should Auditor Ernst Young ShinNihon Get a Mulligan?. [Online] Available at: https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/marketintegrity/2015/07/28/toshiba-accounting-scandal-should-auditor-ernst-young-shinnihon-get-a-mulligan/ [Accessed 11 October 2016].

Human Behavior society Essays

Human Behavior society Essays Human Behavior society Paper Human Behavior society Paper Human Behavior, or how humans act and behave in regards and relation to theirs surroundings, is determined mainly through two factors. These factors are natural and environmental. Natural determination is defined as the determination of human behavior through inherited characteristics and more specifically, genetics. On the other hand, environmental determination is the determination of human behavior through interaction with the environment and the surroundings e. g. through socialization. In a few cases, it is fair to argue that human behavior is determined entirely by nature. People suffering from Downs syndrome and other similar diseases have a better than 99. 99% correlation between having the identified gene and having the disease. Because of the way in which the syndrome affects the behavior of those afflicted with it, it can be said that it does indeed have a knock-on effect on how they behave overall. This clearly shows beyond a doubt that some aspects of human behavior, especially in the case of those with genetically-inherited disease, are completely due to nature. On the other hand, the fact that some but not all humans are more willing to commit murder/ mass murder than others shows that human behavior is to an extent socially determined. This is because humans are warned of the evils of murder through the norms and values imposed upon them through socialization and learning. This happens because society as a whole rejects and abhors the murder and killing of fellow humans. Humans also realize that such actions come with a consequence- this recognition of consequence having arisen through primary and secondary socialization. The fact that very few humans go on to commit murder seems to suggest the effectiveness of social control over humans, and furthermore that this particular part of human behavior is indeed determined by society. Some elements of human behavior are partially determined by nature. One example of this would be skin color and race. Both of these factors are biologically/naturally determined- they are inherited by the offspring from the parents in question. Skin Color and Race in turn affect the way humans interact with each other- this is seen explicitly in the form of racism, in which humans of another race are shunned or discriminated against on that basis. However, society also plays a major role in regards to racism, mainly because the ulterior reasons for shunning people of specific race or color are developed through stereotyping and other elements, such as overall perception. This is a case in which both environmental/natural factors and society cause changes in human behavior, and shows that to an extent, human behavior is actually determined by both nature and society. However, it is entirely plausible to say that race and skin color are used by humans as a front for discriminatory behavior- mainly because in some situations it is the only main difference or only significant difference between two competing groups of people. The fact that race is also the only physically visible difference may play a role. Therefore it can be said that skin color is exploited by society or by parts of society for other uses, and that racist behavior as a whole is almost completely determined by society, which skin color and racial differences used as a determinant of difference between two factions. Henceforth, it is possible that although skin color is naturally determined, it does not cause or play a role in human behavior- and instead is used by society.