Cross-Cultural Marriage - 954 Words

Cross-Cultural Marriage Sometimes people have no control over whom they begin a love relationship with. One does not see color, religion, culture, country, etc. difference, so it is very possible that someone may fall in love with a foreigner who has a totally different culture, which may result in a cross-cultural marriage. No matter how deeply this couple is in love with each other, differences will rise due to the variations in culture. Marrying someone with totally different culture will lead to leaving one’s country, inability of grandparents to communicate with grandchildren and leaving one’s traditions. Marrying someone with totally different culture forces one the spouses to live outside his/her country. By that†¦show more content†¦But people from different cultures may not laugh on the same thing and spouses may find difficulties in understanding the other’s humor as Carol O’Hara said, â€Å"Things that are funny to one will not be funny to the other. You will have to explain the humor to one another.† To sum up, some people may find marrying someone with another culture is exciting. The idea comes to them due to experiencing some new and different things. What people sometimes do not consider is that these new and different things may turn into the reason of conflict and misunderstanding between spouses. As an advice, no one should rush into a cross-cultural marriage unless he/she is ready to let go his/her traditions, willing for his children to not really know his/her parents and be ready to live outside his/her country. One should think of all that and even more before thinking of marrying someone from another culture. Works Cited Appleby, Vince. â€Å"Marrying someone from another country.† International Pen Pal. 2009. 10 May 2009. Benlafquih, Christine. â€Å"Tips for Successful Intercultural Relationships.† Suite101. 27 Mar 2008. 10 May 2009. â€Å"Marrying into a Different Nationality.† Professor’s House. 10 May 2009. O’Hara, Car ol. â€Å"Are you thinking of marrying someoneShow MoreRelatedCross Culture Of Cross Cultural Marriage1299 Words   |  6 PagesCross-cultural marriage is a marriage composed of two culturally diverse individual who independently posses distinct national cultures. Cheung (2005) stated that it is generally accepted in long-term marriage literature that the five â€Å"C† are important elements that contribute to long-term marital satisfaction. The five Cs are commitment, caring, communication, conflict and compromise, and contract which refers to the marital partners’ implicit and explicit expectations of each other and their marriagesRead MoreEssay on Cross Cultural Perspectives828 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Cross Cultural Perspectives ETH 316 October 13, 2014 Cross Cultural Perspectives Multi-national companies from the U.S. hold a great advantage by working in and with other countries and cultures to make their products accessible to a much broader community.   When multi-nationals gains access into or with other companies/countries, it may be an assumption that because everyone inside the business is working for the same purpose, they are going to automatically communicate, thinkRead MoreThe Cross Cultural Psychology : Research And Applications Book1917 Words   |  8 Pagesthe Cross-Cultural Psychology: Research and Applications book, chapter three’s content is on individual development: childhood, adolescence and adulthood. 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Culture is essentially a set of shared beliefs, social norms, organizational roles and inherited values (Lee, 2005) that affects everyday life inRead MoreHofstede’s Limitations14637 Words   |  59 PagesImproving Cultural Indices 1 IMPROVING CULTURAL INDICES AND RANKINGS BASED ON A METAANALYSIS OF HOFSTEDE’S DIMENSIONS VAS TARAS University of Calgary Haskayne School of Business SH441, Human Resources and Organizational Development 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4 Tel: (403) 220-6074 Fax: (403) 282-0095 e-mail:taras@ucalgary.ca PIERS STEEL University of Calgary Haskayne School of Business Human Resources and Organizational Development SH444 - 2500 University DriveRead MoreCross Cultural Relationship Between People And People From Different Cultural Backgrounds Essay1564 Words   |  7 PagesCross Cultural Relationships Abstract This term paper focuses on different types of relationships, be it personal, professional or marital, between people from different cultural backgrounds. The objective of this paper is to list out the ways in which to have a healthy relationship between people who are so different from each other. This has a major significance in today’s world as people are beginning to accept each other on a wider basis across nations and as a result there comes a situationRead MoreIntercultural Marriage Is Not Just A Union Between Two Cultures827 Words   |  4 PagesIn addition to these basic problems, another major issue ascends about religion. Intercultural marriage is not just a union between two cultures, but also of two religions. Many a times, marriages face a breakup or divorce just because the two are not able to unite in terms of their respective religions. In such a situation, one partner either endure their own religion or change their preferences for the other. But, then they might have quarrels on religious matters when it comes to family or forRead MoreBook Report Of Preparing Missionaries Or Intercultural855 Words   |  4 PagesBook Report of Preparing Missionaries or Intercultural Communication This book was written by Lyman E. Reed. â€Å"Preparing Missionaries or Intercultural Communication† is a book for missionaries who want to prepare for being a cross-cultural missionary and provides the necessities for adequate preparation of missionaries. One of the clearer imperative for missions was pronounced and is recorded in Matthew 28: 19-20: Go, therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of theRead MoreCultural Psychology and Cross-Cultural Psychology3267 Words   |  13 Pagessimilarities between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology. Describe the differences between cultural psychology and cross-cultural psychology. 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Tom Sawyer Free Essays

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer Whether or not many have read the book, Mark Twain’s â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer† has been referenced numerous times in social media. It has been used in media in such formats as movies and cartoons. Because of this, many believe Tom Sawyer to be a children’s book, while others believe it to be a more literal adult influenced novel. We will write a custom essay sample on Tom Sawyer or any similar topic only for you Order Now With the many outside influences such as religion, writing styles, and the author’s opinions it can be argued that Mark Twain’s â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer† can be seen as either a children’s book or an adult’s novel. Many believe it is more suited as an adult book. The Influence of religion in any storyline can affect the plot greatly. â€Å"If we maintain the implicit conjunction between the Bible and Tom’s books, this can be read as a very serious critique of the abuses of religion† (McIntosh-Byrd 15). In his critique, Byrd states how religion is often seen as the only way to go. Many don’t know any different and therefore Byrd believes the book to be more centered on religion and its constant critique. â€Å"The fact that both of these scenes take place within the church in indicative of an implicit critique of the role of religion in St. Petersburg† (McIntosh-Byrd 15). Again here Byrd says that religion has changed the storyline somewhat. Because of these reasons it can be argued that Tom Sawyer is more suited for adults because adults can understand what Twain was trying to say more and he knew this by the way he wrote. The different writing styles in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer change the audiences that the story appeals to. â€Å"These defects of structure would probably not appreciate the flexibility of the narrative, it’s easy, casual gait. † (Doren 431). From this view, Mark Twain’s â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,† can be seen as more of a children’s book because of its easy going nature. The lack of responsibility in this book translates well to children. â€Å"But Tom’s energy did not last. He began to think of the fun he had planned for this day, and his sorrows multiplied. † (Twain 12) Many are without responsibilities and hope to never gain any. â€Å"Mark Twain drives with careless, sagging reins, but he holds the general direction. † (Doren 431) Twain keeps a general hold on the story but he allows the characters to roam bout freely, which makes it more kid friendly, in the sense that the kids want to feel like they are truly in charge. â€Å"And when the middle of the afternoon came, from being a poor, poverty-stricken boy in the morning, Tom was literally rolling in wealth. † (Twain 15) The different writing styles affected the story in one way but at the same time it can affect it in the other opposite direction. On the other side of the spectrum, this book can be seen as an adult’s novel based on the writing styles evident in the text. Twain borrowed its structure from several literary genres popular in the United States during the late nineteenth century: Local color-fiction, Juvenile fiction, sentimental romance, and the dime thriller† (De Santis). Adults can handle a lot more styles in books such as these. â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer†¦Represented an attempt to cultivate the gentled, eastern-seaboard audience currently enthralled by local-color fiction. † (Baetzhold) Again here critic has noticed the same trend. Local-color or regional literature is fiction and poetry that focuses on the characters of a story. This is evident in De Santis’ critique of â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer†. Noticing the author’s opinions the reader can tell whether they meant for their book to be a children’s book or an adult’s piece of literature. â€Å"It had no history, and no future, existing in the framed bookends of the author’s comments at the beginning and end of the tale. † (McIntosh-Byrd 15) Twain’s opinions about the way things should be in society affects the story. Say another writer had written about the exact same topic it would be completely different. Twain put a lot of his own thoughts and beliefs into his story. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is an extremely difficult work to approach analytically because it is so embedded in the author’s own childhood. † (McIntosh-Byrd 13) It has been argued that the town of St. Petersburg in the story was Twain’s interpretation of his childhood hometown. â€Å"Uncertain whether it should be aimed at a youthful or an adult audience, Mark Twain once more submerged in the shadow the realistic aspects of puberty, removing portions of the book which might offend younger readers. † (Baetzhold) if Twain didn’t remove these portions f the story it would have definitely been focused towards a more mature audience. Since he did it is more appropriate that â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer† be focused more on the youthful audience. With the many outside influences such as religion, writing styles, and the author’s opinions it can be argued that Mark Twain’s â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer† can be seen as either a children’s book or an adult’s novel. The book was originally written as an adult’s novel, but over the years since it has been written it has slowly been more closely analyzed as a children’s book. How to cite Tom Sawyer, Papers

Analyse Ethics in Relation to Kale’s Principles †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analyse Ethics in Relation to Kales four Principles. Answer: Introduction Ethics is a concept that does govern our daily interactions with each other. The aspect of being ethical often follows a set of principles that have been ingrained by the society as one grows up. Ethics is a moral compass that dictates the actions we take when faced with different challenges. There are a number of theories that have been presented by various scholars on ethics, but this report will focus on Kales ethical intercultural communication. Kale 2013 purports that there is an interaction that, takes place between our human spirits with that of other people from different cultures during association when it comes to ethical issues. He formulated four principles that form the foundation of ethical intercultural communication. The four principles to some extent are wholesome in their approach as they have incorporated some elements of the various known ethical theories. The report uses the four principles of Kales theories in expounding the decisions that the companies and the government in Brazil took when the Bento Rodriguez dam disaster occurred. The disaster was a tragic event that resulted in loss of lives, property and their source of livelihoods. The Germano mine that was the cause of the disaster was owned by the Samarco Minercao that was owned by two multinational corporations one Brazilian and the other Anglo-Australian(Szoke, 2015). The two companies come from different cultures and the application of Kales ethical intercultural communication plays a central role in dissecting their reactions to the situation. For a long time corporations around the world have been profit oriented, but that is changing with the introduction of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The various companies have to consider their impact of their actions on the societies around them. The implementation of CSR determines the continuity of the company in different parts of the globe. The report will try to focus on how the Kales principles are entwined with other ethical theories in resolving the Bento Rodriguez dam disaster strategy. Description of Kales 4 Principles The first Kales principle is founded on people from different cultures relating to each other with the same level of respect that they would like to accord them(Kale, 1991). In other words, respect is a two way traffic the way one treats another person is the same way they will be treated. The respect often flows when we accept the differences in the different cultures and focussing more on factors that unite us all. On the same breath, acceptance means that we do not ridicule the other peoples cultural identity either non-verbally or verbally via our communication(Jandt, 2012). Acceptance is intertwined with respect since it makes it easier for human beings to ignore the aspects that we do not like and tolerate those that glare at us on a daily basis. The second principle among ethical communicators is that they should focus on accuracy and truth when they give their perceptions on different aspects. The concept of truth varies from one culture to another as it is often construed by the societal way of life. The ethical aspect comes into play when one tells the truth based on what they understand from their own point of view of a situation. Truth tends to free ones spirit and brings a peace of mind to the person telling it and to the people listening. Truth does open an avenue for the wrongdoer to correct their mistake and starts the healing process for the injured party(Kale, 2003). In other words, being truthful does liberate the society and institutes a form of continuity in their daily lives. The third principle is enshrouded on the freedom of expression. People from different cultures should feel free to express their own uniqueness and individualism(Kale, 1991). The first principle discussed in the report places a boundary on the way one does express their unique cultural identity. The freedom to voice out ones ideas should not interfere with the respect instituted among the parties involved. Respect does govern how we relate and express ourselves in intercultural settings. The third principle does enforce the respect of the minority and their inclusion of their ideas in decision making(Hall, 2013). The fourth principle deals with the ethical communicators working towards seeking identification with people from the different cultures. The principle is different from the first three as it is not founded on protecting the human spirit, but establishing contact with the other cultures. It is more interlinked with seeking recognition from the other cultures by focussing on the common attributes instead of the differences(Jackson, 2014). The last concept leads to an acknowledgement that our differences create a delicious salad bowl than eating a single fruit. In other words, diversity opens new avenues and it does enrich everyone. Responses from the company or the government Company Government In 2013, the Institute Pristino carried out a research which termed the dam to be dangerous and recommended the institution of contingency measures. The company in 2015 countered the analysis by hiring their own investigation company (VOGBR). The company stated that the dam was safe and could handle the residue deposited by the company. Contrary to their findings the dam collapsed within months, indicating foul play(Szoke, 2015). The Brazilian Federal police carried out an investigation that revealed that the company knew of the risks that the dam would cause. The dam had drainage issue which they failed to properly monitor hence leading to the tragedy. In other words, the company was negligent in reinforcing the dam(Philips, 2016). The Samarco, Vale and BHP Billiton have stated that the water is safe since the sludge was made of mud and no toxic elements. The high commissioner for Human Rights at the United Nations contradicted the statements of the company by stating that the water contained toxic chemicals, hence it was unsafe for use (Ali,2015). The Brazilian Federal environment agency has criticized the efforts of Samarco geared at salvaging the environment where they are rerouting the rivers(Lopes, 2017). Samarco has worked towards providing the people affected by alternative residence as they search for long lasting solutions to them(Lopes, 2017) The government responded to the tragedy by fining Samarco, Vale and BHP Billiton $66 million, which it increased to nearly $ 5 billion as fines for the tragedy they caused. The figure is part of the fines that the company is facing with respect to the tragedy(Lopes, 2017) The company says it is willing to compensate nearly over half a million people even as the negotiations continue(Philips, 2016). The government is working towards reinforcing their mining laws to prevent the occurrence of a similar tragedy(Cowie, 2016). Evaluation of the responses based on Kales theory and other ethical theories The first principle in respect of the other peoples cultures in this case applies to the companys efforts to restore the mining operations(Kale, 1991). The people of Bento Rodriguez are dependent on mining as their main source of livelihood. The halting of the companys operations has altered their way of lives as most struggle to make ends meet (Philips, 2016). The company with the aid of their shareholders have come up with an alternative plan where they will store their waste in a 33 foot dike for two years as they seek a permanent residue disposition means. The plan will ensure that the 3,000 people employed in the company are able to resume their way of life (Leahy, 2017). According to Leahy 2017, Samarco set up the Renova foundation in 2015 with the aid of its two shareholders and the government to carry out the clean-up. The companies injected over $3.3 billion to aid in the recovery exercise. The CEO said that they will provide 10% direct compensation. 450,000 people will be the first beneficiary receiving R$ 800-R$1000 daily Additionally, the foundation is carrying out negotiations with the locals to identify a reasonable compensation for their loss. According to Kales principles the formation of the foundation is the first step in acknowledging that the disaster was a mistake that was attributed to their actions(Jandt, 2012). It deals with the second principle of being truthful, based on the facts presented before them. Despite their efforts it is important to note that they are not entirely true. The company is purporting the water is safe while based on further analysis it contains toxic chemicals. Their lies tend to negate the work that they are doing with respect to redeeming themselves in the public eye. If people use the water according to the UN analysis of the situation they are prone to get affected(Cowie, 2016). The third principle deals with allowing the people to express their own uniqueness (Kale, 1991). In this context the principle deals with allowing the locals to express their own views on the disaster. The company has been involved in a number of lawsuits where they have prevented their case, while the locals have expressed their view points. The company has accepted to pay the compensation and indemnities that the courts have ruled. The company agreed to carry out $5.6 billion settlement to cover the damages of the incident. In addition, they have provided the residents with alternative areas to stay and have paid $300 million as compensation(Lopes, 2017). The fourth principle deals with identification with the people in different cultures(Kale, 1991). The mine disaster did not only incapacitate the people involved in mining. It altered the farming, fishing and tourism in the nearby region. The peoples cultures were changed by the single tragedy and the Samarco Company has decided to be the bigger person. The company has consented into recovering over 5,000 streams that are within the River Doce; carry out a reforestation of 10,000 hectares and a restoration of over 30,000 hectares. It is its way of bringing healing and peace not only to the people of Bento Rodriguez but the other neighbouring regions affected by the disaster(Philips, 2016). The government has led Samarco, BHP Billiton and Vale in signing an agreement that will ensure that the company carries out an environmental recovery work for 5 billion over a period of 15 years. The aim is to ensure that the people are able to have a sense of normalcy and that the company can be able to resume their operations. When evaluating the responses of the company the non-consequential theory comes into play. The rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by what the society stipulates. The intention of an action is what matters the most when evaluating a situation and not the outcome(Graham, 2014).An analysis of the tragedy in Brazil clearly reveals that the company was unethical in its approach to the situation. According to (Fadness, 2016), the company was given a warning about the dam being unable to hold the residues and there was a recommendation for the management team to monitor it while they instituted buttress as a reinforcement. The management team did not follow up on the recommendations and when the tragedy struck they went silent. According to some locals, the company did not respond rapidly to the tragedy as they sent their rescue team after the others had arrived despite them being in the centre of the tragedy. The non-consequential theory focuses on looking at the intent behind one action not at the outcome. The company had knowledge of the predicament that would befall the people, but they choose to be profit oriented than societal oriented. The mining activities could have halted for a while as the company carried out the reinforcements, but the result is that the tragedy could have been avoided. The action of the law taking its course by charging the company large sums to indemnify the locals is a step in the right direction. The companys negligence did cost the people around not only their homes and livelihoods, but also lives were lost in the mud tsunami. Conclusion Based on the report analysis if the company had been ethical in the first place the strategy could have been prevented. The profit oriented mentality corrupted their societal compass resulting in the tragedy. The hefty fines that the company and their partners are facing should serve as a lesson to other companies around the globe. References Ali, H.S. (2015). Who should we blame for the Brazil mining dam disaster? The Conversation. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://theconversation.com/who-should-we-blame-for-the-brazil-mining-disaster-50521 Cowie, S. (2016). Seeking answer to catastrophic Brazil mine disaster. Aljazeera. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/12/seeking-answers-catastrophic-brazil-disaster-151224071626923.html Fadness, I. (2016).Brazils Fundao dam collapse: The silence after the mud. Aljazeera. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/05/brazil-fundao-dam-collapse-silence-mud16051006544213.html Graham, G. (2004). Eight theories of ethics. London: Routledge/Taylor and Francis Group. Hall, B.J.(2013. Cultire, Ethics, and Communication. Ethics in intercultural and international communication. Jackson, J. (2014). Introducing language and intercultural communication. Routledge. Jandt,F.E. (2012). An introduction to intercultural communication: Identities in a global community. Sage Publications. Kale, D. W. (1991). Ethics in intercultural communication. Intercultural communication: A reader, 421-426. Kale,D.W. (2003). Peace as an ethic for intercultural communication. Intercultural Communication: A Reader, 10th ed. (Belmont,CA: Wadsworth/Thomson, 2003),467. Kant, I. (2013). The Metaphysical elements of ethics. Simon and Schuster. Lopes, M. (2017). The Bento Rodrigues Dam Collapsed a Year Ago and Its Nowhere Near Fixed. Motherboard. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://motherboard.vice.com/en-us/article/the-bento-rodrigues-dam-collapsed-a-year-ago-and-its-nowhere-near-fixed Philips, D. (2016). Samarco dam collapse:one year on from Brazils worst environmental disaster.the Guardian. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/15/samarco-dam-collapse-brazil-worst-environmental-disaster-bhp-billiton-vale-mining Szoke, H. (2015).Brazil mine disaster exposes BHPs failures. Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/comment/brazillian-dam-disaster-shows-bhp-falls-short-of-global-expectations-2015118-gl2i8c,html. THEORIES OF ETHICS. (n.d.). Retrieved 7 May 2017, from https://soe.syr.edu/academic/counseling_and_human_services/modules/Common_Ethical_Issues/theories_of_ethics.aspx