Plaza the logistics of Zaragoza Essay

The vulnerability sought after is reflected in the reorder point and security stock. The more the changeability popular the higher will be the reorder point and the security stock. A higher deviation sought after would legitimately influence the wellbeing stock levels required at the stockrooms and henceforth increment the stock conveying costs. This expansion would then influence the general expenses. Utilizing our exceed expectations model, If we increment the standard deviation of yearly interest from 10,000 to 32,000, the general expenses for Rotterdam become higher than those of Zaragoza. Thus, differing the administration life affects the all out expense as it controls the security stock which thusly controls the stock holding cost. Subsequently, as the administration life increments to a higher worth the expense of choice 2 (Zaragoza) will be lesser than alternative 1. Cost of the item As the expense of the item builds the stock holding cost increments expanding the all out expense. So Zaragoza as has a superior cost advantage over Rotterdam alternative. In our exceed expectations model, stopping an item cost of 295 Euros (E 47 and F 47 cells), keeping every other boundary unaltered makes Zaragoza a superior cost alternative. So it is a factor to be thought of. Suggestions In light of our above investigation, we prescribe the accompanying to the CEO of Zaragoza Logistics Park (Who should they attempt to sell their thought/choice) Zaragoza should target clients with high number of units/TEU They should target clients with high item costs They should target clients whose request vulnerability is high They should target clients with high yearly interest rates They should target clients who have inclination for high help rates Plaza is additionally an instructive place for coordinations while Rotterdam is an only a coordinations park. Zaragoza should attempt to teach the client about the gracefully chain advantages of partner with a world class coordinations research focus Plaza is an administration supported firm †they should utilize this factor to ingrain more trust in the client over a private firm like Rotterdam choice

Military National and International Security Studies Essay

Military National and International Security Studies - Essay Example It is expressed by the analyst that today the interests of the security powers are fixated on accomplishment of security, harmony and thriving among all the residents of the country and different countries with a comparative concentration to that of the U.S.A. The national security of the United States of America has been reformed through the proclamation of a security methodology record entitled, â€Å"National military technique of the assembled countries (2011).† This was propelled by the administrator of the joint safety crew and supported by the president and the clergyman of state for resistance. To prevail in its strategic, joint security powers were quick to overemphasize on the significance of coordinating its security dreams with those of different components of intensity in the state. The upset American security procedure, that was a primary focal point of the conversation of the paper perceives the use of principled administration in the military intercession syste m with just a little remittance left for the utilization of power and intimidation when tact comes up short. The scientist mentiones that the accomplishment of this specific procedure necessitates that the security powers of the state are incorporated well with the Americas’ power structure to encourage its viability. All in all, the specialist aggregates uo his investigation on the point and expresses that American security organizations underscore on the utilization of a progressively modest demeanor concerning different states connections. Strategy is underscored more and delicate force, for example, remote guide and less utilization of intimidation and power.

Bloomington

Bloomington Bloomington. 1 City (1990 pop. 51,972), seat of McLean co., central Ill.; inc. 1839. The economy is based on farming; electrical equipment is also manufactured. In 1856 the state Republican party was organized in Bloomington, at which time Lincoln delivered his famous lost speech (no copy of it is known to exist). The city is the seat of Illinois Wesleyan Univ.; Illinois State Univ. is in adjacent Normal (formerly North Bloomington). Of interest are the burial place of Adlai E. Stevenson and the David Davis mansion, a state historic shrine. 2 City (1990 pop. 60,633), seat of Monroe co., S central Ind., in a forested region; settled 1816, inc. 1878. Electrical and electronic equipment, furniture, and elevators are manufactured. Quarrying and marketing of the limestone abundant in the area has sustained the city's economy for many years. Bloomington is the seat of Indiana Univ., and its growth is closely related to the development of that institution. In the area are Hoosi er National Forest and lakes Monroe (Indiana's largest) and Lemon. 3 City (1990 pop. 86,335), Hennepin co., SE Minn., a suburb adjacent to Minneapolis; inc. 1953. The city has diversified manufactures and is the site of the Mall of America, one of the world's largest. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Shakesperes Hamlet and Humanism Essay - 885 Words

Hamlet and Humanism William Shakespeare, Hamlet, demonstrates human nature to be gluttonous, self-involved and merciless. Claudius is determined by his greed to commit murder. Polonius is always watching out for himself, without a care of the expense of anyone that gets in his way. Hamlet ponders only of retaliation from the second he finds out about Claudius murdered his father. Human nature has been several things throughout time, but it has also changed throughout the years. People can be immoral and cruel, but they can also show great empathy and kindness. Renaissance humanism scholars recognize that â€Å"Hamlet contains a vital critique of humanism† (Renaissance) throughout the play. The author, William Shakespeare, was from a period of†¦show more content†¦Polonius also acquires his daughter to stop courting Hamlet by ordering her to instead of allowing her to decide for herself. He is looking out for his daughter. The King and Queen were very troubled at Hamlet’s superficial insanity. They tell Rosencrantz and Guildenstern that discovery of what is hypocritical with Hamlet would be â€Å"the supply and profit of our hope â€Å"(Hamlet 2.2.24). They are noticeably embittered at his behavior, and Polonius knows this, and tries to use his daughter to demonstrate his notion. When Ophelia approached and pronounced to him her get-together with Hamlet in Act I, Polonius instantaneously brought her to the King. Polonius, performing on his duty to â€Å"both God and to gracious king† (Hamlet 2.2.45) took Ophe lia to Claudius to understand if he could be any assistance in demanding to find out what is iniquitous with Hamlet. He rapidly tells the King that he will â€Å"loose my daughter to himâ€Å"(Hamlet 2.2.161) and fabricates a premeditated plan to do so. This plan, and Polonius’ role of Ophelia, is all to gratify the Royal Court, and has no space in it for Ophelia’s feelings. Polonius treats his daughter practically like one would use a mare, with his loos of her and organizes it so just to try and get on the respectable side of Claudius and Gertrude. Polonius signifies the characteristic of human nature that is self-concern. He is continually

The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Orthodonticss tooth motion is achieved by presenting a changeless controlled force to the dentition. The continuance of the force applied is the cardinal factor for successful tooth motion instead than the force magnitude. The purpose of the orthodontias intervention is to accomplish good occlusion with minimum side effects. We will write a custom essay sample on The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Several factors should be considered during the orthodontic intervention such as force type, force magnitude and the continuance of intervention to avoid the unwanted consequence. Proffit have defined the orthodontic tooth motion as a biological response due to the alterations in the physiological equilibrium of the dentofacial composite when an external force is applied. Theories of orthodontic tooth motion Dentitions are positioned in harmoniousness with the unwritten environment to keep their place. The applied forces will do histological alterations during teeth motion. These forces will do bone reabsorption on the force per unit area side and deposition on the tenseness side, most significantly that the capillaries remain patent on the tight side to let cell proliferation and avoid the formation of hyalinized zone On the other manus bone formation will happen at the tenseness side due to the increased periodontic ligament breadth and the proliferating fibroblast and osteoprogenitor cells. Osteoblast will be formed from the proliferated osteoprogenitor and will deposite osteoid and consequence in bone formation. ( systematic reappraisal ) Several theories have been proposed to explicate orthodontias tooth motion. The chief theories are: Biomechanical theory The biomechanical theory is chiefly based on experiments and cellular response observation explicating the biological events during orthodontic tooth motion. The earliest grounds back uping the function of Prostaglandin in orthodontic tooth motion was provided by Hang ( Hang et al 1976 ) . He noticed that mechanical deformation of the cell membrane in a civilization dish will increase the synthesis of Prostaglandin. Later Harrel supported these determination in his in vitro. Harrel showed that mechanical deformation will bring forth Prostaglandin and cyclin adenosine monophosphate ( hundred AMP ) .HARREL 1977 Other research workers ( rodan et al 1975, davidaritch and shanfield 1975 ) have found that mechanical deformation will do alterations in the intracellular bases alterations. The biomechanical theory was based on these determination and proposed that mechanical strain of the cell membrane will trip the cell signaling cascade. Initially phospholipase A2 will be activated which will originate the metamorphosis of arachidonic acid. The leukotrienes and the Prostaglandins will be synthesized in response to the metamorphosis of Arachidonic acid. The synthesis of Prostaglandin will increase three clip after five proceedingss. The Prostaglandin so activates the G proteins receptors on the cell membrane which will originate a 2nd courier signaling cascade doing a cellular response taking to cram remodeling. Yamasaki provided farther grounds to back up this theory by planing a three stage split mouth study to look into the consequence of administering Prostaglandin on orthodontic tooth motion. One side was injected with Prostaglandin and the contra sidelong served as the control. Phase one involved the motion of the upper first premolar buccaly. The rate of tooth motion was doubled on the injected side when compared to the control side. Phase two involved abjuration of the eyetooth into the upper first premolar infinite utilizing sectional contraction cringles. The findings were similar to phase one. The 3rd stage involved the abjuration of the eyetooth with the everyday mechanics. The rate of motion was 1.6 faster on the injected side than the control side. No inauspicious effects were recorded in the gum or the alveolar bone. Yamasaki et Al 1984 piezoelectric theory This theory proposes that the force per unit area applied to the tooth will be transferred to the next dental consonant bone which will react by flexing and doing little electrical current produced by negatrons being transferred from distorted crystal construction to another. The electrical current will trip the osteoclast and bone-forming cell and consequence in bone remodeling required for tooth motion ( mcdonald 1993 ) This theory was supported by Baumrind ‘s split oral cavity survey on rats. Baumrind showed that the tooth Crown will displace 10 times more than the decrease of the periodontic ligaments on the force per unit area side. The difference in the sum of supplanting between the Crown and periodontic ligament has lead to the premise that the alveolar bone deflects more readily than the periodontic ligament. Sing the sum of crown warp and the periodontic ligament alterations, it can be concluded that lower forces can be used to bring forth bone warp which will make alterations in the periodontic ligaments. ( baumrind 1969 ) Several surveies on animate beings and human look intoing an endogenous electric signals, bioelectric potency, showed that the application of low electromotive force direct current will modify the bioelectric potency and cellular activity doing faster tooth motion when compared to a control group. ( giovanelli s A ; acirc ; ˆÂ ¦.ref 9 p324 ) Davidovich showed that by using electrical current ( 15 A ; Acirc ;  µ As ) combined with force of 80 g will heighten bone resoprtion near the anode and bone deposition near the cathode when compared to the control. ( Davidovich et al 1980 ) Heller and Nanda demonstrated that periodontic ligaments are less likely to undergo tensile strain or reassign the force straight to the alveolar bone. ( Heller and Nanda 1979 ) Piezoelectric signals characterize by a fast decay rate even if the force is maintained as the crystals will stay stable. If the force was removed the crystal will return to the original form and an tantamount signal and antonym in way will be created. The function of emphasis generated signals during normal chew is good documented in the literature in keeping the alveolar bone. On the other manus, the changeless orthodontic forces will make a brief signal which will non make a outstanding emphasis generated signals. These signals have small if anything to make with tooth movment.Profit text book Pressure tenseness hypothesis Authoritative hypothesis proposed by Oppenheim, Sandstedt and Schwarz based on histological research. This theory proposes that tooth motion will happen in the periodontic ligaments and the collagen fibres will make a force per unit area and tenseness sides reassigning the applied forces to the next alveolar bone. The forces should be less than the capillary blood force per unit area to keep the blood flow and avoid bone mortification. On the force per unit area side, the periodontic ligament will expose disorganisation and the cell reproduction will diminish in response to the vascular bottleneck. On the tenseness side the periodontic ligament will be stretched and increase the cell reproduction. Baurmrind 1969 study showed statistically important addition in cell reproduction during tooth motion and there was a decrease in collagen formation rate on the tenseness and force per unit area side. Heller and Nanda ( 1979 ) interfered with the collagen map and metamorphosis by administering lathyritic agent beta aminoproprionitrile and showed that normal tooth motion will happen in periodontic ligaments with disrupted collagen fibres. Their findings demonstrated that periodontic ligaments are less likely to undergo tensile strain or reassign the force straight to the alveolar bone. Bone bending Orthodontic tooth motion stages Once the orthodontic force is applies to the tooth the bone reconstructing procedure will get down. During the first six to eight yearss at that place will be an initial period of rapid motion due to the periodontic ligaments compaction and tooth supplanting within the periodontic ligament. The blood supply will be reduced or cut off bring forthing hyalinized zone ; a vascular cell free zone. In the 2nd stage ; the slowdown stage ; tooth motion will be minimum or will halt wholly due to the hyalinized zone. On the histological degree Retain ( 1957, 1960 ) have reported that the a vascular cell free zone will be formed even with minimum force and the a vascular cell free zone will happen more with short roots. The slowdown in tooth motion varies between four to twenty yearss harmonizing to the applied force ; with light forces the slowdown stage will be comparatively short and it will increase with heavier forces. The periodontic ligaments will reorganise to take the hyalinized zone by phagocytosis ; foreign organic structure gaint cells, macrophages, fibroblast and pre-osteoclasts will be recruited from the neighbouring undamaged alveolar bone marrow pits and the periodontic ligaments. Once the avascular cell free zone is removed tooth motion will get down once more ; the last stage. Tooth motion normally begins 40 yearss after the initial force application. Recent survey by Von Bohl demonstrated that the hyalinized zone will be formed during the last stage and it is more frequent with high forces and have no consequence on orthodontic tooth motion at this phase as the bone reconstructing procedure will go on at a certain rate independently from the force magnitude. Von Bohl concluded that the formation of a vascular cell free zone is apart of the orthodontic tooth motion procedure. His study supported the pervious determination of Owman moll et Al 1996 and Vas leeuwen 1999 Orthodontic force magnitude Orthodontic forces can delivered through the usage of fixed contraptions, removable contraptions, TAD, excess orally such as caput gear amp ; acirc ; ˆÂ ¦etc.to achieve the coveted tooth motion different force magnitude will be required. The recommended forces are: bodily motion tipping invasion bulge How to cite The Orthodontic Tooth Movement Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Auditing Auditors Independence

Question: Discuss about theAuditingfor Auditors Independence. Answer: Introduction Auditor independence is a key concept used to portray the image of auditors as viewed by users of the financial statement. Users of financial statements rely on the opinion given by the independent auditor to make economic decisions pertaining to an entity . Therefore, this is a concept which can make or break the auditing profession depending on the extent to which it is safeguarded by the practising auditors.Auditors independence has been a matter of interest in business world in recent times due to occurrence of financial crisis,corporate frauds and business failures (Nasution, 2013) Over the years , auditors independence have been questioned at different capacities by different stakeholders as result economic damages they have experienced.This is evidenced by the fact that many auditors /audit firms have been mentioned as parties to the scandals reported in the past. For example, Earnest Young were incorporated into the case pertaining the collapse of Lehman Brothers during the 2008-2009 financial crises . Auditors were mentioned as part of the scheme used by the bank to hide the bad debt loans which were not reported prior to the collapse of the company(Nigash, 2011) As a result of the problem identified pertaining auditors independence, this essay will discuss the Toshiba Accounting fraud case .The objective will be to determine whether the auditors involved were independent in both mind and appearance or if there existed any form of threat to their independence.The structure of the essay will involve a description of the specifics of Toshiba accounting fraud case.This will be followed by a discussion of auditors independence in the context of the case ,followed by identification of threats which can compromise independence of auditors involved and finally, a conclusion on whether the auditors were independent or not (Blann, 2012) Toshiba was incorporated in Tokyo Japan in the year 1938 . It operates in the information technology industry with a rich portfolio of products which includes computers, fridges, communication devices, systems , household equipment among others. It is among the market leaders is computer sales sector and was ranked the fifth position in 2010 in the sector. In early 2015, the market regulator in Japan realised the accounting scandal in Toshiba. For a period range of seven years, it was discovered that Toshiba had overstated their profits by approximately $1.2 billion(Gandhi, 2015) This scam was a result of dubious accounting methods employed by the company in preparing their accounts. It involved failing to recognise losses of projects, overstating their profits margins in computer supplies, overvaluation of stocks and failure to accrue expenses accordingly. This was necessitated by the high targets set for the staff and also the Japanese social culture of performance which made the managers manipulate accounts to reflect continuity in growth and meeting targets. (Toshiba, 2015) The external auditors of Toshiba at the time the scam was detected was Earnest Young. From the report of investigations into the scandal, the management had formulated complex systems to hide the accounting malpractices used hence making it hard for external auditors to detect . Therefore, the auditor's opinion was misguided by the management scheme of inappropriate accounting policies of Toshiba in assuring the user of reliability and objectivity of the financial statements. The report of the accounting scandal did not question the independence of Earnest Young in carrying out their work. This is because it was not in scope of the report This necessitates a thorough investigation of EY independence in this case(Toshiba, 2015) According to (Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, 2015) ,an auditor's independence is the extent of which the auditor will give his opinion on the financial statements without any interference .EY should be seen to be independent in both aspects of mind and appearance. Independence of mind will be identified in EY if it takes the assignment with the right mental attitude of giving an objective opinion based on the information given and carrying the necessary substantive tests to establish the integrity of the accounts . In practice, this is hard to identify. Independence of appearance occurs when the auditor conduct as observed by the public does not indicate any form of compromise . Practically, this can be identified by the auditor(Blann, 2012). The objective way to determine whether the EY was independent in their work is to look for evidence of threats which could have compromised their independence. (Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, 2015),(Curtis E. Clements, 2012) and (Christopher Akpotu, 2013) in their studies agree that threats in reality exist which could compromise on auditors independence if not managed appropriately. They all identify threats such as conflict of interest,self-review,intimidation, familiarity , advocacy among others as identifiable threats to the independence of auditors .Conflict of interest occurs when the auditor has some personal interest in the company he is auditing . For example , the auditor may own shares in the company he is auditing . Intimidation threats occur when some powerful managers in client companies fail to co-operate during the audit process. Advocacy threats occur when the auditor is still representing the client in other matters like acting as the client's portfolio manager . In addition , (Nasution, 2013) identified social factors as a real threat to auditors independence. Social factors determine how subordinates follow directions given by the persons in authority . Social pressures which affect the independence of auditors can be classified into obedient pressures and conformity pressures . Obedient pressures are the ones associated with strictly following orders of the senior persons without necessarily doing what is right. In such cases, auditors will be influenced by their powerful clients during the audit and they will be required to be obedient to such seniors hence compromising their independence. Likewise, conformity pressures relate to making decisions based on the expectation of the client when auditing. This should also be investigated in EY to see if there was independence (Nasution, 2013) (Times, 2016)EY Japan was seen to lack independence of mind. This is because seven accountants from EY who were involved in the audit of Toshiba were reprimanded by FSA on the grounds of not carrying out due diligence during their audit assignment. A case was given by FSA of one accountant in the auditing team who identified some questionable figures in the computer vendor business but failed to share the information with the audit team. This is a clear indication of lack of mindset on the overall objective of the entire audit process. Independence by appearance was also under threat because EY had been auditing Toshiba for more than a decade before the scandal was realised(Times, 2016). This brought about familiarity threat as the EY long stay as Toshiba auditor (Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, 2015).(Waldron, 2015) the fact that EY could not identify the material misstatement of $1.2billion in a period of 8 years raises eyebrows and shows presence of self-interest threats. Toshiba by its value is an important customer to EY which brings substantial revenues to the company , therefore, they failed to disclose the material misstatement to safeguard their major source of revenues (Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, 2015) According to (Toshiba, 2015), there was an evidence of social factor threats. In japan, there is a culture for subordinates to fully obey orders from their seniors. EY auditors were subjected to this hierarchical pressure and conformity pressures from Toshiba CEO and other senior management persons hence ended up not identifying and questioning the inappropriate accounting application which is a matter of concern. Also,(Times, 2016) case of an accountant who realised the inappropriate accounting but ended up not reporting to his colleagues is a clear evidence of conformity pressure. Therefore, the analysis of EY independence shows that there were numerous threats to independence on EY which lead to the accounting scandal in Toshiba in 2015. The key identified threats according to Toshiba case included Social factor threats, familiarity threats and self-interest threats . These findings confirm to the hypothesis that, lack of auditors independence is a key contributor to the accounting scandals as evidenced in studies by (Friday E. Akpan, 2014),(Mentha, 2014) and (Bello, 2011). They all agree that lack of auditors independence of mind and appearance contributes to economic losses witnessed by users of financial statements. (Su, 2015) shows how the failure of companies due to lack of auditors independence have negatively affected the auditing firms themselves. Auditors who gave an unqualified opinion on company financial statement which subsequently ceases to be a going concern or a scandal is realised thereafter, suffer negatively due to penalties imposed on them and negative public image.This is because the auditor independence is seen to be under threat which is a key violation of the profession norm. In addition,lack of auditors independence adversely affects the users of financial statements who rely on them to make economic decisions. This is evidenced in the case of Toshiba and EY whereby, the audit firm was fined to a tune of $59.8 million and a suspension of three months and investors lost 12% of the investment one day after the announcement of scam (Times, 2016) There is a need to reinforce auditors independence issue due to significant losses which have been witnessed in the past . It is evident that it affects negatively both the users and the auditors themselves. Some of the key factors which have identified to enforce auditors independence include one, professional commitment whereby practising auditors are supposed to make judgements based on the profession set norms and ethical judgements . Two ,auditors should have a locus of control which entails taking full responsibility for their actions. Three,awareness to auditors independence which will affect how auditors will make judgement and finally perceived stress levels (Nasution, 2013) References Bello, A., 2011. Corporate Failure : Accounting and Auditing Resolution. Researchgate, pp. 1-18. Blann, S. W., 2012. Auditor Independence :In the Public Sector, Revisited. Governance Finance Review, pp. 37-42. Christopher Akpotu, O. I., 2013. External Auditors Unethical Behaviour and Corporate Business failure in Public owned organisations in Nigeria. International Journal of Business and management Invention, II(4), pp. 12-18. Curtis E. Clements, J. D. N. S. S., 2012. Inherent Conflicts Of Interest In the Accounting Profession. The Journal of Applied Business research, 28(2), pp. 1-8. Farrell, S., 2015. The Guardian. [Online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/21/the-worlds-biggest-accounting-scandals-toshiba-enron-olympus [Accessed 11 October 2016]. Friday E. Akpan, A. F., 2014. Corporate Failures and the dilemma of auditors. Global advanced Research Journal of management and Business studies, III(6), pp. 242-248. Gandhi, K., 2015. Emerging issues Toshiba accounting Scandal, s.l.: IESBA CAG . Mentha, K., 2014. Audit Negligence. Forensic Matters, IV(6), pp. 1-9. Musa Abdel Latif Al Nawaiseh, M. A., 2015. The effects of the threats to the Auditor's Independence. International Business Research, VIII(8), pp. 1-9. Nasution, D., 2013. Essay on Auditors Independence. School Of Business Economics Abo Akademi University, pp. 1-32. Nigash, M., 2011. Rethinking accountability and corporate reporting in South Africa. [Online] Available at: hsf.org.za/resource-centre/focus/focus-60-january-2011-making... [Accessed 11 October 2016]. Opijnen, M. V., 2015. When Audit firms are their Clients : Business Relationships and Auditor independence. Maastricht University , pp. 1-60. Su, L., 2015. Do Auditors bear the consequences of Corporate Failure? The case of Failed New Zealand Finance Companies. ResearchGate, 10292(9112), pp. 1-46. Times, F., 2016. EY's Japanese unit reprimanded by the regulator over Toshiba audits. [Online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/e6357710-a89a-11e5-955c-1e1d6de94879 [Accessed 11 October 2016]. Toshiba, 2015. Independent Investigation Report, Tokyo: Toshiba Corporation. Waldron, M., 2015. Toshiba Accounting Scandal: Should Auditor Ernst Young ShinNihon Get a Mulligan?. [Online] Available at: https://blogs.cfainstitute.org/marketintegrity/2015/07/28/toshiba-accounting-scandal-should-auditor-ernst-young-shinnihon-get-a-mulligan/ [Accessed 11 October 2016].

Human Behavior society Essays

Human Behavior society Essays Human Behavior society Paper Human Behavior society Paper Human Behavior, or how humans act and behave in regards and relation to theirs surroundings, is determined mainly through two factors. These factors are natural and environmental. Natural determination is defined as the determination of human behavior through inherited characteristics and more specifically, genetics. On the other hand, environmental determination is the determination of human behavior through interaction with the environment and the surroundings e. g. through socialization. In a few cases, it is fair to argue that human behavior is determined entirely by nature. People suffering from Downs syndrome and other similar diseases have a better than 99. 99% correlation between having the identified gene and having the disease. Because of the way in which the syndrome affects the behavior of those afflicted with it, it can be said that it does indeed have a knock-on effect on how they behave overall. This clearly shows beyond a doubt that some aspects of human behavior, especially in the case of those with genetically-inherited disease, are completely due to nature. On the other hand, the fact that some but not all humans are more willing to commit murder/ mass murder than others shows that human behavior is to an extent socially determined. This is because humans are warned of the evils of murder through the norms and values imposed upon them through socialization and learning. This happens because society as a whole rejects and abhors the murder and killing of fellow humans. Humans also realize that such actions come with a consequence- this recognition of consequence having arisen through primary and secondary socialization. The fact that very few humans go on to commit murder seems to suggest the effectiveness of social control over humans, and furthermore that this particular part of human behavior is indeed determined by society. Some elements of human behavior are partially determined by nature. One example of this would be skin color and race. Both of these factors are biologically/naturally determined- they are inherited by the offspring from the parents in question. Skin Color and Race in turn affect the way humans interact with each other- this is seen explicitly in the form of racism, in which humans of another race are shunned or discriminated against on that basis. However, society also plays a major role in regards to racism, mainly because the ulterior reasons for shunning people of specific race or color are developed through stereotyping and other elements, such as overall perception. This is a case in which both environmental/natural factors and society cause changes in human behavior, and shows that to an extent, human behavior is actually determined by both nature and society. However, it is entirely plausible to say that race and skin color are used by humans as a front for discriminatory behavior- mainly because in some situations it is the only main difference or only significant difference between two competing groups of people. The fact that race is also the only physically visible difference may play a role. Therefore it can be said that skin color is exploited by society or by parts of society for other uses, and that racist behavior as a whole is almost completely determined by society, which skin color and racial differences used as a determinant of difference between two factions. Henceforth, it is possible that although skin color is naturally determined, it does not cause or play a role in human behavior- and instead is used by society.

Battling Nerves and Anxiety Over Presentations

Battling Nerves and Anxiety Over Presentations Nearly everyone experiences nervousness when they perform in some way, whether in giving a speech, taking a test, offering a presentation, or teaching a class. Its something everybody deals with. But some people hide their nervousness more than others. Some people simply understand that nervousness is self-perpetuating. Here is an alarming little equation: Signs of Nervousness Leads to Increased Nervousness In other words, one sign of nervousness can cause other symptoms to pop up. To clarify this cruel little formula, just think back to a time when you were speaking in front of a group. If you noticed that your hands were shaking or your voice was cracking, you probably became distracted and unnerved by these signs. They probably embarrassed you and made you even more nervous, which made your heart beat faster. True? Theres good news: This formula also works in reverse. If you can prepare ahead of time to prevent and disguise the normal causes for nervousness, you can avoid a chain reaction of symptoms. Types of Fears That Cause Anxiety The best thing you can do is to over-prepare when youre facing an intimidating situation that makes you nervous. The number one cause for nerves is feeling inadequate about the topic. Fear of Looking Stupid: Whatever your topic may be, from phases of the moon to Internet safety, you must research it thoroughly. If you try to skimp or slide by with a little knowledge, youll start to feel insecureand it will show. Prepare ahead and go way beyond the parameters of your specific topic. Find out all you can about the how and why of things, especially if you will be answering questions about your topic. Fear of Forgetting Information: When giving a speech, its normal to forget details if youre nervous, so you should take steps to avoid this. Make an outline of your topic or make several note cards to use as prompters. Practice with the note cards and re-make them if they confuse you in any way. Make sure you number any note cards so you can keep them in the right order. Fear of Freezing Up: You can avoid the appearance of freezing up during your presentation, discussion, or speech by having props on hand. These can include a drink of water, a notepad, or a visual aid. Anytime you feel like you might go blank, say Excuse me for a moment, and take a drink or pretend to jot something down. This will give you an extra moment to gather your thoughts. Its also a good idea to have one note card prepared that you can go to in a moment of panic. This card could contain a space filler like an anecdotal story that goes along with your topic. If you need to go to this panic card, you could simply say, You know, this reminds me of a story. After you complete your story you can say, Now where was I? and someone will tell you. Types of Symptoms That Increase Anxiety You can reduce some nervous symptoms by scoping out the room where youll be speaking or presenting. Find out if youll be standing still, sitting down, walking around, or using a microphone. Educate yourself as much as possible about your situation. It will give you a greater sense of control. Dry mouth: Prevent dry mouth by carrying a glass of water with you. Also avoid drinking carbonated drinks before you speak, since those tend to dry out your mouth.Shaky, nervous voice: The more you know your topic and the more confident you feel, the less trouble youll have with your voice. If you start to feel short of breath or shaky, just pause to consult your notes or take a sip of water. Breath slowly and give yourself a moment to re-group. It wont look odd to the audience.Rapid heartbeat: Its not a good idea to eat a big meal before an event. The combination of jittery nerves and a full stomach can create a strong heartbeat, which will make you feel short of breath. Instead, eat a small but healthy meal before you speak. More Tips for Battling Nerves Prepare transitional phrases ahead of time to help you flow from one idea to the next. If you dont have a good transition, you might get nervous as you struggle to change from one topic to another.Practice your speech, presentation, or argument out loud and in front of the mirror several times. This will help you fix any awkward segments.If you have a microphone, concentrate solely on it as you speak. This helps you block out the audience.Dont think about underwear. Some people suggest that you imagine your audience wearing underwear. You can do that if you really want to, but it might not prove very helpful. The real idea behind this trick is to think of your audience as ordinary people just like you. They are ordinary, and chances are, theyre all impressed at your courage and very supportive.Move around the room if you have the opportunity. This sometimes helps distract you from the eyes of your audience and it can make you look professional and in control.Start out your presentati on with a great quote or a funny line. For instance, a good line to use as an icebreaker is I just want you all to know that I am not picturing you in your underwear.

Comparison of Ellis Island and Angels Island Essay

Comparison of Ellis Island and Angels Island - Essay Example Similarly, for an immigrant, it becomes difficult to adjust to the new surroundings, new customs and a new habitat altogether. Although both the parties mutually adjust and co-exist in the future, the initial phase would always be remembered.History of Ellis Island and Angel Island needs to be understood bearing this in mind. Both these points were recognized as entry points to America. Ellis Island is located in the upper bay just off New Jersey coast, within the shadow of a statue of Liberty. Today approximately 40% of America’s population can trace their origins back to Ellis Island and that is because the island has a history of processing twelve million immigration applications. Ellis Island got its name after its owners Samuel Ellis and was also known as Oyster Island earlier. Federal Government after procuring the island from Samuel Ellis primarily for the defense purpose. The immigration was processed at Castle Garden in New York which was later shifted to Ellis Island . The initial influx was of northern and western Europeans and much later southern and eastern Europeans also made their way to America through Ellis Island. Europe was mainly becoming stifling in terms of religion and socio-economic constraints. To escape from these conditions people migrated to a new land altogether. The quarantine ships examined the passengers while they were still in the waters and identified and separated people who were having contagious disease, disorders and were the potential threat to society. The passengers were then preceded to the island where rest of the formalities was carried out. Although it acquired a reputation of â€Å"island of tears† the usual proceedings did not take more than a few short hours to start a new life in America.

ART Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

ART - Essay Example Foster, Krauss, Bois, and Buchloh focuses on a crucial event—how the seminal work is created, how the artistic manifesto is published and the opening of a major exhibition; this crucial event tells us the story of enchanting diversity of practice and interpretation that characterizes the art of the twentieth century. Nevertheless, they made a point to explain in detail all the turning points and breakthroughs of modernism and postmodernism. 1. Modernism is generally an artistic approach, which dominated the European and American art and literature in the Twentieth Century. The key features of modernism are thought to be the principles of formalism and the autonomy of art. 3. The third aspect is the concept of the avant-garde, which challenges the dominant artistic culture. Often referred to as "inner logic of modernism", this critical force makes the art move forward towards Postmodernism. Characterized as a critique of Modernism and the project of modernity, Postmodernism is best understood as a part of a cultural shift which has been felt in science, philosophy, and the arts. Culture is seen by others (e.g. Jean Baudrillard) as an endless play of imitation (simulation) which signals the end of authenticity and reality and the emergence of "hyperreality" (Baudrillard 1049-50) 2. Interventionist is when the artist becomes a manipulator of signs rather than a producer of Art. The viewer becomes "an active reader of messages rather than a passive contemplator of the aesthetic"(Foster 1066). This form of Art is described as "a social sign entangled with other signs in systems productive of value, power and prestige" (Foster 1066) This critique of Modernity often takes the form of a challenge to the norms and values of western culture as a whole. But this critique is losing its popularity. If we still don’t have an answer to Hal Foster’s 1996 question, â€Å"Whatever Happened to

Comparison of South Africa and the UK

Comparison of South Africa and the UK Introduction: Background of South Africa: Religions: Christians: 79.8%, Pentecostal: 8.2%, Roman Catholic: 7.1%, Methodist: 6.8%, NGK: 6.7%, Zion Christian: 11.1%, Anglican: 3.8%, Unaffiliated: 15.1%, Muslims: 1.5%, Hindu: 1.2%, African: 3.8% Culture: Westernized culture. Traditional culture has decreased; this means South Africa has similar lifestyles to those in Western Europe, North America and Australasia. Languages: Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swazi, Tswana, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu Customs: these are free imports allowed into the country: 200 Cigarettes 20 Cigars 50 ml perfume 250grams tobacco 1 liter of spirits (strong wine) 2 liters of wine Goods for personal use 250ml of Eau De Toilette Expensive items such as laptops may require a fee, which will be returned to you on arrival. These goods are not allowed: Local currency over 10 000 rand, endangered species of plants, animals Political Structure: Republic of South Africa (RSA) is a constitutional democracy. It consists of three structures of government: national, provincial and local governments. Judicial Structure: The body of judges and magistrates who sit in the Courts of South Africa. Background of Great Britain: Religions: Christianity is the major religion in the UK. Followed by Islam, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism and Buddhism. The UK is described as a multi-faith society. Culture: The cultures are combined. It consists of the 4 main countries the UK is made up of: England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. Each has its distinct cultures. Also mainly known as the British culture. Languages: They do not have a constitutionally defined official language. English is the main language, spoken by 70% of the population. Other 30% include Welsh, Irish, Cornish and British sign language. Customs: The British are well known for: Good and well-mannered etiquettes. Meeting and greeting. Gift giving. Dining etiquette. Political Structure: Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. Judicial Structure: The judicial system in the United Kingdom are separate judiciaries of the 3 legal systems in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. They are a body of judges that sit in the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Body: Economic systems of Great Britain: About 25% of Britain’s is arable, and almost half is suitable for meadows and pastures. Its agriculture that is highly mechanized and extremely productive, about 2% of the labor force produces 60% of the country’s food needs. Great Britain is one of the world’s leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. It must also import 40% of its food suppliers. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and food stuffs. During the 1970s and 80s, nearly 3.5 million manufacturing jobs were created in service-related industries. The main industrial and commercial areas are the great conurbations, where about one third of the country’s population lives. The administrative and financial center and most important port is Greater London, which also has various manufacturing industries. Liverpool, Britain’s second port, along with south port and Saint Helen are part of the Merseyside conurbation. Great Britain has abundant suppliers of coal, oil and natural gas. Production of oil from offshore wells in the North Sea began in 1975, and the county is self-sufficient in petroleum. Great Britain’s trade focus has shifted from the United States to the European Union, which now accounts for over 50% of its trade. Great Britain is the fourth most populous country in Europe. Those of English descent constitute about 77% of the nation’s inhabits. The Great Britain’s population has shown increasing ethnic diversity since the 1970s, when people from the West Indies, India, Pakistan, Africa and China began immigrating, in the early 21century. English is the universal language of Great Britain. Sovereignty rests in parliament, which consists of the House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the crown. Effective power resides in the commons, whose 650 members are elected from single-member constituencies. The two main parties are the conservative party, descended from the old Tory party, and the labor party, which was organized in 1906 and moderately Social Democratic, is a weaker third party. Both Scotland and Wales have nationalist parties whose goal is the independence of those respective regions. Economic Systems of South Africa: South Africa’s Department of Trade and industry has launched the R71-million Itukise Unemployed graduates Programme, which will help unemployed graduates get work experience by negotiating placements at companies for them. Itukise provided work experience to unemployed graduates for 12 months. The department will also seek to place interns at companies interested in the programme. The programme also presented an opportunity to develop and market the profile of the manufacturing sector to young people, in provision of decent work and in increasing opportunities for people learning both on and off the job. The most likely scenario for South Africa’s economic and political trajectory until 2030 is to â€Å"chronic underachiever†. The 3.8% growth rate is close to the 3.2% average and had achieved since 1994. But according to the SA futures 2030, ANC will slip under 50% by the 2040 election. The Madiba Magic path could be reached in one of two ways: The ANC does well in the coming election and embarrass on internal reforms. A second route would be if the ANC were to do poorly in the coming election, the Democratic Alliance and multiparty democracy were to emerge strongly and the ANC were compelled to make reform to the public service and state in â€Å"a race to the top† against the DA in improving social delivery. Political instability dominates as both tripartite alliance and the ANC engage in a bitter and violent competition. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) was hoping to get the majority of the countries nearly two million 18 and 19 year-olds registered, but ended up in that order with fewer than 700 000. The most interesting coalitions will emerge after the elections, when the ANC, DA and EFF will take the lead. Political Stability: As an emerging economy South Africa has not remained completely unaffected by the turmoil in other emerging economies world-wide, especially in Asia and lately also in Russia. This negatively affected investors’ confidence in these countries. Political change is an empty phase if it is not accompanied by changes in the socio-economic sphere, leading to meaningful changes in the quality of life of the ordinary citizen. Geographical Structure Geographical Location of South Africa: You may find South Africa at the south part of the African continent. It stretches across from north to south, for at least 1600 km. It has latitude between 22 and 35 degrees. And it also stretches from east to west for 1600 km, between 17 and 33 degrees longitude. Geographical Location of Great Britain: Great Britain is located off the north western coast of Europe. The total area of the United Kingdom is approximately 245,000 square kilometers. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest in Europe. The term Great Britain is used to refer to England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland because it’s on the largest island in Europe. This list contains the area sizes of the countries: Demographics of South Africa: The demographics of South Africa encompasses around at least 52 million individuals of diverse origins, language, cultures, and religions. In 2010 were the last census been held and the next census will be taken anywhere from 2016 Unemployment: South Africa`s unemployment rate has decreased to 24.10 percent within the fourth quarter of 2013 from 24.50 percent of 2013 within the third quarter. The statistics of South Africa reports the unemployment rate of South Africa. Mortality: In South Africa statistical release has presented information on mortality and causes of death, this were all based on death notification forms that were received from the Department of home affairs for death that has been occurred in 2009. The outline release trends in mortality from 1997 to 2009, differentials in mortality are selected by demographics, social and geographic characteristics for death occurred in 2009. Fertility: There has been a widespread agreement in general that fertility has begun to decline amongst all major population in South Apartheid prior to the end of apartheid. It has occurred at a much faster level for whites and Asians as they are compared to mixed race and Africans. This has occurred amidst the impoverishment of millions. Life Expectancy: One in every 10 South Africans is HI-positive despite that, SA has increased in life expectancy, according to statistics South Africa. The population total of SA IS 52.98 million then it was counted in the census of 2011. By a year the life expectancy of South Africa has increased by 59.6 (57.7 for males and 61.4 years for females. Free State is the province with the lowest life expectancy. Major deaths: Violence and accidental injuries, HIV, intestinal infectious disease. Demographics of Great Britain: In every 10 years a census is taken simultaneously in all parts of the UK. Data for England and wales is collected by the national statistics and they are responsible for it. The total population of the United Kingdom was 63.181.778 in the 2011 census. Population : By 7.0 percent since 1971 has the UK `s population increased, from 55.9 million in more recent years growth has been faster of a greater result number of births rather than deaths from the late 1990`s with an increasing factor of migration. Unemployment: There has been measured by the office for national statistics within months that unemployment stood at 7.1 percent, or 2.32 million people out of work. Mortality rate: In the United Kingdom are alcohol-related deaths a number of areas that were combined and were chosen to cover range of economic and social housing issues. Fertility: The total fertility rate is 1.9 children born/ women. A global fertility rate always in general declined and is the most pronounced industrialization country. Life expectancy: Compared to a one person in the early 1980`s a man born now can expect more than seven extra years of life ahead. Calculations have showed that girls that were born between 2010 and 2012 could expect to live 82.8 years and 79.0 years can boys live. Major death causes: Disease of the circulatory system. Cancer, respiratory diseases. Economy of Great Britain: The social structure of the United Kingdom has historically been highly influenced by the concept of social class, with the concept still affecting British society in the early-21st century. Although definitions of social class in the United Kingdom differ and are highly controversial, most are influenced by factors of wealth, occupation and education. (2) The United Kingdom has the 6th-largest national economy in the world and is the third largest in Europe measured by nominal GDP and its purchasing power parity. The United Kingdom’s GDP per capita is the 22nd-highest in the world in nominal terms. The UK government’s welfare cuts and changes to taxation have encouraged economic inequality so intensely that they amount to ‘speeded-up Thatcherism.’ The divide between rich and poor is widening faster than in the 1980s, according to a new report. The slicing of UK welfare benefits and simultaneous cuts in tax credits means that inequality will have soared twice as fast by 2015. Living standards were 21pc higher in the UK compared with the average in the EU, the statistics office Eurostat said. â€Å"In Luxembourg standards were 50pc higher.† Individual consumption was used as the measure, often cited because it includes all goods and services that a household consumes, regardless of whether they pay for them. Britains rating is boosted by public services such as health and education, which are largely government funded. A welfare state is a concept of government in which the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The welfare state involves a transfer of funds from the state, to the services provided e.g. healthcare, education as well as directly to individuals. It is funded through redistributionist taxation and is often referred to as a type of mixed economy. Such taxation usually includes a larger income tax for people with higher incomes, called a progressive tax. This helps to reduce the income gap between the rich and poor and can establish some sort of equality between both rich and poor. Economy of South Africa: In South Africa with its high levels of racial inequality, inequality in income distribution is especially large and persistent. For an upper-middle income country in terms of GDP per capita and economic structure, there are still many people living in poverty. In its 2012-13 Global Competitiveness report, the World Economic Forum ranked South Africa second in the world for the accountability of its private institutions, and third for its financial market development, â€Å"indicating high confidence in South Africa’s financial markets at a time when trust is returning only slowly in many other parts of the world†. The countrys securities exchange, the JSE, is ranked among the top 20 in the world in terms of size. Thus indicates the extent at which South Africa has grown since 1994 up until now. Since the demise of apartheid in 1994, South Africas economic and social status has undergone marked changes. GDP annual growth has averaged about 3.5%, with the years 2004-2007 maintaining a 5% increase annually. Per capita PPP increased from $5700 in 1994 to $9560 in 2007. Measles immunization for children aged 12-23 months grew from 76% to 85%. And finally, the percent of South Africans aged 7-24 who had completed primary school skyrocketed from 77% in 1992 to a reported 100% completion rate in 2004, the last year for which this statistic is available The fact that more people receive social grants from the state than have jobs has created a flurry of alarm that SAs welfare spending is unsustainable, given the fear that unemployment could remain persistently high in a low-growth environment. There are many people who not over the age of 18 and therefore are not liable to be taxpayers as of yet and that impacts negatively on the welfare of South Africa. Imports and exports in South Africa have increased since the end of apartheid. South Africa is the second largest producer of gold, and is well known as the largest producer of chrome, platinum, manganese, vanadium, and vermiculite. South Africa is the world’s third largest coal exporter. Mining is only counted for 3% of the GDP. South Africa is well known for their large agricultural sector and is a net exporter of farming products. Top five markets of South Africa are: United States Germany Japan Zimbabwe China Imports and exports in Great Britain is the world’s fifth largest trading nation. Machinery and transport, manufactured goods, chemicals, and steel are Britain’s largest export earners. Britain’s pharmaceuticals industry is the world’s third largest exporter of medicines. Conclusion: We conclude that Great Britain is one of the most established countries and is much more developed, whereas South Africa is still developing, and slowly emerging in specific areas. Great Britain’s social structure is influenced by class, and South Africa’s is based on racial inequality, and income. Britain’s class is influenced by how wealthy the citizens are. South Africa was ranked second in the world for the accountability of its private institutions, and third for its financial market development, but many of these South Africans are still living in poverty. Word Count: 2585 Bibliography: References: http://www.studentpulse.com/articles/109/a-high-standard-of-living-brought-low-by-aids-in-south-africa http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/econoverview.htm#.UyqX-NxaYpE#ixzz2wUAyoq53 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_South_Africa http://geography.about.com/od/unitedkingdommaps/a/Great-Britain-Facts.htm Jill Pasqualle: Introduction : Backgrounds on the two countries Geographical Structure Imports and exports in each country, foreign relations, and trading partners. Ra-ees Peffer: Economy Deidre Lee Anne Plaatjies: Demographics and social structure Nomathamsanqa Pienaar: Economic systems

1994 Rwandan Genocide Essay

The 1994 Rwandan Genocide impacted on a lot of people in a lot of different ways. In this essay the causes I will be covering are ethnic tension as a result of Belgium Colonisation, Propaganda and hate rhetoric, the role of the international community, and political problems. The consequences I will be covering are causalities, the economic effects, remembrance and education, and population displacement. In this small country in Africa called Rwanda this terrible killing took place. The Rwandan Genocide began on April 6th 1994 when the president was assassinated, followed by the prime minster the next day. It lasted 100 days, â€Å"100 days of slaughter† ending on the 18th of July 1994. The genocide included many groups. The perpetrators were – Hutu civilians, Hutu army, Interhamwe-the youth of Hutu organised into an extremist militia, and radio RTLM-a radio station announcing to kill all Tutsis. Victims included – Tutsi, Hutu political moderates for example prime minster AgatheUwilingiyimana. Other groups include – RPF (Rwandan Patriotic Front). President Juvenal Habyarimana who was in charge if the Hutu government, and the international community for example the UN (United Nations) Peacekeepers. During these 100 days of slaughter hundreds of thousands of Tutsi we killed. Women and girls we raped, and many tortured by having their breast chopped off and sharp objects inserted into their vaginas. Many people tried to hind in schools and churches but were found and executed. I have just written about the context and the course of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. I am now going to write the causes of this horrific event starting with ethnic tension as a result of Belgium Colonisation. Ethnic tension as a result of Belgium Colonisation is arguably the biggest cause in the 1994 Rwandan Genocide. It is a political and social cause that happened over a long period of time. Starting in 1860 and coming right down to 1926. In 1860 the first Tutsi king was appointed. In 1884 German explorer Carl Peters enters the Rwandan kingdom and obtains treaty rights. In 1885 Germany declares a protectorate over present-day Rwanda. In 1890 Rwanda accepts German colonial rule with resistance. A German territorial administrator is not appointed until 1907. In 1916 WW1 Belgium Allied Forces capture German East Africa. In 1924 Great Britten assumes control over Tanzania, while Belgium is granted trusteeship over Rwanda and Burundi. Belgium Colonisation begins. In 1926 Rwandans were given an identity card showing if a person was Hutu, Tutsi or Twa. Prior to colonisation people could ‘jump’ races e. g. Hutu’s could become Tutsi’s. Callipers were the tools of colonisation. The size of the cranium and nose and the colour of the eyes were the factors that determined whether a person was a Hutu, Tutsi or Twa. The result of the unfair system was – Tutsi could have government positions, be landlords, be supervisors of Hutu, collect taxes, get an education (only Tutsi could go to school after the colonisation), be an administrator for the justice system. Hutu were denied higher education, land ownership and positions in government. The identity cards that everyone was given were very clear they had what ethnic group they were from, their place of birth, their date of birth, their profession, their place of residence, the name of their spouse, their C. I number, and their signature. A quote form chief prosecutor of the international Rwandan court sums up this cause well â€Å"European colonial history was a major contributor to what eventually became the genocide in Rwanda†. The second cause I am going to discuss is Propaganda and hate rhetoric. This is a social Cause; it is short term because it happened quite fast after the death of the president and prime minster. Kangura Newspaper was a newspaper about how discussing the Tutsis were, this was launched by first lady AgatheHabyarimana in 1990. Kangura means wake them up in English. In the newspaper they had racist comments such as â€Å"They look like animals, actually they are animals†, â€Å"If you allow snakes to live amongst you, you will be exterminated†, â€Å"They look hideous with their bushy hair and beards that are full of fleas†. RTLM (Radio Television des Milles Collines) or commonly known as â€Å"Hate Radio†, used good rock music to get people to listen to it then they used in to convey hateful messages such as â€Å"cut down the tall trees† this meant for all Hutu extremists to wipe out the Tutsis. RTLM often referred to Tutsi as cockroaches. In 1990 Kangura newspaper published the 10 commandments for the Hutus they were an extended version of 1, Every Hutu must know that the Tutsi woman is working for the Tutsi ethnic cause Hutu is a traitor who a) Acquires a Tutsi wife, b)Acquires a Tutsi concubine, c) Acquires a Tutsi sectary or protegee. 2, Every Hutu must know that our Hutu daughters are more worthy and more conscientious as a woman, as wives and as mothers. 3, Hutu women, be vigilant and make sure that your husbands, brothers and sons see reason. , All Hutus must know that all Tutsis are dishonest in business. We have learned this from experience from experience. Hutu is a traitor who a) forms a business alliance with a Tutsi, b) invests in own funds/public funds in a Tutsi enterprise, c) Borrows money from/loans money to a Tutsi, d) Grants favours to Tutsis. 5, Strategic positions such as politics, administration, economics the military and security must be restricted to Hutu. 6, A Hutu majority must prevail throughout the education system. 7. The Rwandan Army must be exclusively Hutu. No Solider may marry Tutsi women. 8, Hutu must stop taking pity on the Tutsi. 9, Hutu wherever they are must stand united, in solidarity, and concerned with the fate of their Hutu brothers. Hutu must constantly counter Tutsi propaganda. Hutu must stand firm and vigilant against their common enemy. The Tutsi. 10, The social Revolution of 1959, the Referendum of 1961 and the Hutu Ideology must be taught to Hutu of every age. Hutu must spread the word. Any Hutu who persecutes his brother Hutu for spreading the word and teaching this ideology is a traitor. A quote from Leon Mugesera sums up this cause â€Å"The fatal mistake we made in 1959 was to let them escape †¦ they are foreigners from Ethiopia so we will send them by the shortest route throwing them into the Nagbarongo river. We must act. Wipe them all out†. The third cause I am going to discuss is the role of the international community; it is a political cause that is a short term because it became an issue soon after the colonisation. During this cause the world just stood by and watched. Following WW11 and the Holocaust, The United Nations adopted a resolution on December 9, 1948, which stated â€Å"genocide, whether committed in time of peace or time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish†. There were two opportunities to intervene that were missed. In October 1993 The United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda began with the deployment of 21 troops under the command of Brigadier – General Romeo Allaire of Canada. Additional troops continued o arrive until February 1994, when the mission was fully staffed with 25,000 personnel. Many soldiers arrived without weapons, food or water; vehicles and radios were sent out second hand from other missions and rarely in working condition. On 11th January 1994 Officers were stockpiling weapons and training civilian militias; the level of preparedness would enable the murder of 1000 Tutsis every 20 minutes. This saying will finish off this cause nicely, â€Å"clearly, the massacres in Rwanda constituted genocide, so why didn’t the world steep into stop it? In my fourth and final cause I’m going to discuss political problems (the role of the Hutu extremists in the Habyarimana government and the catalyst). This is a political cause which was short term. President Juvenal Habyarimana came to power through a military coup in 1973. He promised national unity. By 1994 many Rwandans were calling for democratic government. In January 1994 in spite of increased state oppression and the French-supported up-build of armed forces, 50,000 Rwandans marched in a pro-democracy demonstration in Kigali. The build-up to the Hutu’s wanting power is over quite a short period of time†¦ only 3 years! In October 1990 civil war started when the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), a militia of Rwandan Tutsi excels and Hutu dissidents based in Uganda, invaded Rwanda. Thousands of Tutsis were arrested. In 1991 RPF military victories pressured President Habyarimana into drafting a new multi-party constitution. In 1992 UN led peace talks led between the RPF, The Rwanda government and 12 opposition parties to try and achieve a power-sharing agreement. In August 1993 Arusha Peace Accords were signed to neutral Tanzania. Hutu Power’ started broadcasting Tutsi hate messages in the media. In 1993 A Hutu Power Party no participating in the government established Radio/TV Libre de Millie Collines (RTLM) to get round the Arusha agreements explicit prohibition on government sponsored hate speech. I has been believed that the ‘final nail in coffin’ was the assignation of P resi dent Habyarimana. At 8. 30p. m on April 6, 1994, President Juvenal Habyarimana of Rwanda was returning from a summit in Tanzania where, under international pressure, he was negotiating with the opposition to reach a settlement. A surface-to-air missile shot the plane out of the sky. All on board were killed. I have just written about the causes of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide, I am now going to write about the consequences of the ‘100 days of slaughter’. Starting with causalities. The 1994 Rwandan Genocide left behind some major consequences but beyond all others the biggest is the casualties. This is a political, social and ideological cause and is most defiantly immediate timing because it happened during genocide obviously; so many people were left both physically and mentally scared. Over the course of 100 days from April 6 – July 16 1994 it is estimated 800,000 – 1 million Tutsi and some moderate Hutu were slaughtered. The UN estimated 800,000 but the Rwandan government has estimated 1,071,000. It’s very difficult to get exact numbers because these numbers do not include people who were thrown into river/lakes and those who were burnt. Mass graves held up to 50,000 making it even harder to count exact numbers. If the numbers of Tutsis living in Rwanda before and after the genocide are correct then 77% of the Tutsi population was wiped out. 8,640 per day; 360 per hour, 6 per minute. If this is correct this is the equation 6 people x 60 minutes x 24 hours x 100 days = 864,000 people! There is between 300,000 to 400,000 survivors. Almost 50,000 women were left without husbands. Almost 100,000 of the survivors were aged between 14 and 21. 75,000 of the survivors were orphaned. A 1999 study showed 80% of women surveyed showed signs of trauma. Many face health problems such as HIV/AIDS as a direct act of violence during the genocide. Some of the survivors are still threatened with violence, attacked or killed by former perpetrators. Almost all women and girls that survived were raped, many also tortured and mutilated by having their breasts cut off and sharp objects being inserted into their vaginas. Numbers of women and girls raped are somewhere between 250,000 and 500,000 exact numbers are not known. Children of rape during the genocide numbers are 2,000 to 5,000 children. Most children show trauma and signs of neglect. More than 67% of women raped were infected with HIV/AIDS. Men with HIV/AIDS used it as a weapon to leave their mark on Tutsi women and their families. To sum up the consequence what the presiding judge said after the verdict â€Å"From time immemorial, rape has been regarded as spoils of war. Now it will be considered a war crime. We want to send out a strong message that rape is no longer a trophy of war†. In the second consequence, I am going to discuss the economic effects. This is an economic consequence and it is immediate because the things that happened during left people with big struggles. The Rwandan government has struggled to rebuild the economy. In the year of the genocide, growth slumped by 50% and inflation reached 64%. Almost two thirds of the 8. million population live below the poverty line. Coffee is Rwandans major export. Rwanda exported 14,000 tonnes in 1986. The positives of the economic problems were the exiled business leaders returning home, since the genocide in 1994 business leaders have been returning home from Burundi, Congo, Uganda and Tanzania. Desire Kamanzi’s father sold his three houses in Burundi to return to Rwanda. This was no unusual. To sum up this consequence a quote from Leon Haguma, acting director of coffee marketing â€Å"All was abandoned, they were dead or had fled the country, there was nobody to work the plantations†. In the third consequence, I am going to discuss remembrance and education. This is a social consequence because most of Rwanda have contributed in some way. It is a long term consequence because it still goes on today and the world can’t see it stopping anytime soon. The focus of remembrance is to teach the history of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide and emphasise moral values. There are many memorial sites in Rwanda, which pays tribute to the hundreds of thousands killed. Marimba Technical School, where many victims were killed and still remain as a museum. Other ways of remembrance is art and photos taken in tribute such as people standing in a line with other people laying in front making human words saying END GENOCIDE NOW! There is also a national day of reflection in Rwanda on April 7th. To sum up this consequence a quote from Kofi Annan general of the UN in 1994, â€Å"If the pictures of tens of thousands of human bodies being gnawed on by dogs do not wake us out of our apathy, I do not know what will†. The fourth and final consequence I am going to write about population displacement. This is a political and social consequence because the government feel through and society took over. This is a short term consequence because lots of people started to come back into Rwanda once the genocide was over. The 1994 Rwandan Genocide resulted in massive exodus of refugees to bordering countries. Another one million people remained internally displaced in Rwanda itself. Millions of Hutu and displaced Tutsi had crowded refugee camps beyond the Rwandan boarders. International relief efforts were mobilised to care for refugees, but available supplies were inadequate and outbreaks of disease were widespread. More than 20,000 refugees died in cholera epidemic. During the genocide Tutsi and Hutu moderates fled. From April 1994 Tutsi and Hutu moderate refugees poured out of Rwanda and into neighbouring countries. After the genocide Tutsi refugees returned. In July 1994 when the seize fire was called Tutsis began to return to Rwanda, including refugees who had fled in the 1960’s. Hutu perpetrators fled the country. Genocide only ended when the RPF eventually defeated the Rwandan government’s armies and took control of the country. Retaliatory violence by Tutsis caused thousands of lives. By mid July, and estimated 2 million Hutu perpetrators and bystanders had fled. 850,000 refugees entered the area in just 4 days. During the influx, 15,000 refugees an hour crossed the Rwanda-Zaire boarder. The camps became like countries in exile for the Hutu extremists who used members of the Hutu army to maintain control of the refugee camps. Between July and November 1996 the refugee camps were shut down. One million exiles returned to Rwanda including tens of thousands of perpetrators who had been living side by side with Tutsi in the refugee camps. In November 1996 more than 600,000 Hutu refugees returned to Rwanda from Zaire. In December 500,000 returned from Tanzania. In summery†¦ Ironically, both Hutu perpetrators and Tutsi and Hutu moderate victims ended up in the same camps. In conclusion the causes I have just written about were the ethnic tension as a result of Belgium Colonisation, Propaganda and hate rhetoric, the role of the international community, political problems. The consequences I have just written about were the casualties, the economic effects, remembrance and education, and population displacement. All of these were major events that happened before, during and after the 1994 Rwanda Genocide there were also a number of other causes and consequences, causes are economic problems, and independence problems. The consequences were political effects, apologies from the international community, and justice, responsibility & reconciliation. A quote to sum up the 1994 Rwandan Genocide is, â€Å"The Rwandan Genocide is perhaps the most horrible and systematic human massacre we have had to witness since the extermination of the Jews by the Nazis†.

The Biggest Myth About Civil Rights Topics Essay Exposed

The Biggest Myth About Civil Rights Topics Essay Exposed Discuss what can be done in order to make sure that equality prevails. A seasoned civil rights attorney knows the differences between these essential rights and can assist you with a potential claim. Eventually, slaves became the main work force in the usa, especially in farming and other kinds of hard physical labor. Explore civil rights in the usa in 2015. Peace wasn't much different. The problem of Civil Rights and Liberties in the Civil Rights Movement movie has great effect on American society, many years back, along with today. It was arguably the most important thing to ever happen in the United States. The Civil Rights Museum is one such museum and it supplies a lot of history about it. Civil rights laws make an effort to guarantee full and equal citizenship for those who have traditionally been discriminated against on the grounds of some group characteristic. Also have the coordination facets of the planning. Right to personal freedom is completely important for the mental and physical development of a person. Right to personal freedom can be enjoyed with respect to the laws produced by the state and also in compliance with the interests of society. Up in Arms About Civil Rights Topics Essay? Here you should present the overall info about the civil rights in the united states, its history, and give your reader with th e primary points you will light up in the home portion of your work. In the event the audience is proper for this subject, then this is an appropriate topic for today's audience. It's not important to follow along with the specific word or page count. Begin with the introduction part. Civil rights has ever been one of those topics that elicits mixed reactions from throughout the place. Discussions about those controversies ought to be restricted to the appropriate Talk pages. Activism is throughout the place due to these challenges. See FindLaw's Civil Rights Basics section to find out more about the related notion of civil rights. Choosing Good Civil Rights Topics Essay Today it's already not possible to imagine various sections for people of distinct races in subway or bus. One of the greatest strategies to commemorate a time period in history is with a museum. The civil rights movement was established dependent on a set of events that occurred in the length of many years. You've come to the correct location! There isn't any doubt that civil rights movement proved to be a good success and caused a considerable shift of beliefs in society. The very best one are found in the Encyclopedia Britannica. In most instances, there are many civil rights regime s and agreements that it is possible to decide to address when you're handling this specific paper, and it is indeed something which you will need to take seriously. Be certain to include reasons and actions. The Basics of Civil Rights Topics Essay It's no good trying to write about something which you've got zero interest in. Many aren't known by other people in any respect. All folks would like to have the freedom to share their ideas and exchange ideas with other individuals. There was always the issue of getting this method over because it didn't make sense to the majority of the people at first. The Battle Over Civil Rights Topics Essay and How to Win It Literature similar to this book was an eye opener for a lot of people. When writing your civil rights essay, you need to be ready to explore your subject of choice fully and make sure that you do it justice. Meaning, plagiarism shouldn't be a concern. You may also read non-related materials and academic paper writing guidelines in addition to academic paper samples in various disciplines here. Some women within the field of math may not be the suitable audience for this topic. Contemporary psychology has a word that's probably used more than every other word. Your communication with the committee ought to be regular and you need to ask them for copies of dissertations they've approved previously. Legitimate writing companies which provide professional essay writing will provide a full assortment of services for students to use. In order in order to deliver a great paper on civil rights, you should be in a position to do proper research so you can find with and aptly deal with a few of the challenges and issues that have arisen over time. Must deal with subject of the paper with critical thought. Students are supposed to have a superior hold of this issue or subject they are handling. In some instances, students become confused on what is expected of them depending on the sort of essay that has to be written. They might not realize the importance of a literature review but if it is not adequate the whole thesis is shot down by the committee. Yet, as soon as a student doesn't have enough time to finish their writing assignment for some reason, they may feel as they want a person to compose their paper in their opinion.

What Makes A True Epic Hero - 1313 Words

What makes a true Epic hero? According to â€Å"From Legend to History† the main characteristics of an Epic hero would be that they would be fearless, larger than life, willing to defeat any evil creature and so much more. In the story of Beowulf all of these characteristics come to life in an epic battle with evil creatures in order to save a city and all the citizens inside of it. The story of Beowulf is set two places Geatland and Herot. The story begins long before Beowulf comes into the picture. One night in Herot all of the warriors were gathered in the mead hall celebrating, after all of the warriors have fallen asleep the evil creature Grendel goes into the mead hall very late at night and snatched up thirty men in his claws and smashed them while walking out with their bodies in his hands. Only for in the morning did the Prince of Herot, Hrothgar, realized what had happened in the night and that many of his friends and close companions were gone, due to the wrath of Grendel. Once Hrothgar had come to terms with what had happened the night before and so he had everyone that he could flee Herot and go as far from Herot as possible to escape what Grendel might do. That night Grendel journeyed back to Herot looking only to kill whoever he would be able to. That night the only people who survived were those who left Herot that day. Then, Grendel took Herot for his own for many years. Although, Hrothgar’s warriors did not stop fighting for the land of Herot.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Milton s Paradise Lost 1499 Words   |  6 Pageslight in Satan Epic heroism is a category that can pertain to many different subjects considering on what they have done or been through. No matter good, bad, or evil some of these subjects can find a way to make themselves that epic hero that best fits them. An epic hero goes by the definition of, a brave and noble character in an epic poem, admired for great achievements or affected by grand events. 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